The Double -Profit 
System of Dairyingf 

Makes the Farmer a Good Customer 






One Profit From His Dairy Cow — 
Another From His Own Creamery 
Give Him T\vo-Fold Buying Power 




DAIRY HERD — SOURCE OF ONE PROFIT. 

Pure Bred Holsteins of W. F. Schilling, Dairy Editor, Farm, Stock and Home. 



Dairy farmers in Minnesota and surrounding states practice a system of dairying and co-operative 
creamery butter making whicK ^ives them a practical control of their markets, a monthly cash income, 
and double profits, from two distinct sources: 

— One profit from their own dairy herds. 

— Another profit from their own co-operative creameries. 

This system is more highly developed in Minnesota than anywhere else and has spread into 
adjoining states. 

It has made Minnesota the banner butter producing state. 

It has also made Minnesota, Wisconsin, the Dakotas and Montana the fastest ^rowin^ dairy 
region of America. 

How it multiplies farm wealth and creates markets for g,ood merchandise is clearly proven by 
the evidence on the following pa^es. 

The facts shown are worthy the earnest attention of every manufacturer or advertiser who wants 
the farmer for a customer. 




FARMERS' CO-OPERATIVE CRE A M ER Y — SOU RCE OF THE SECOND PROFIT. 



The Douhle-Profit 
System of Dairying 



A COMPLETE SURVEY 
OF THE DAIRY INDUS- 
TRY SHOWING THE 
REGIONS THAT ARE 
TO SUPPLY THE 
WORLD'S DEMAND 
FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS 
AND THE MARKETS 
CREATED FOR GOOD 
MERCHANDISE • - 



COPYRIGHT - 1919 



• by 



FARM, STOCK 
. and HOME . 

MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 
The Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 



PERMISSION IS GRANTED TO REPRINT IF DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN. 
COPIES OF MAPS WILL BE FURNISHED FREE. 







E 
^•^ 

1— I -a 
O ^ Si 

o -g 

p< - 1 
< 5J 

Q ft, C 

^ = • 

;:| 

O a -^ 

-. a S 

o '_ 
H ^ 

^ ?l 
pq-~ & 

00 -g 

<■- S 



OCT -b 19/9 



Th 



D 



o u 



h I 



Profit S y s t 



e m 



of Dairying 



The Fastest Growing Dairy Region 



The fastest growing dairy region in the United 
States is clearly shown by this map to be the 
FARM,. STOCK & HOME group of states. 

Notice their position also as to gains of dairy 
cows on Table No. 1 below : 

WISCONSIN first, MINNESOTA second, 
SOUTH DAKOTA fourth, NORTH DAKOTA, 
fifth, MONTANA eighth. 

Their percentages of gain are also the highest 
of any group of important dairy states. 

WISCONSIN, 22.3%, MINNESOTA 26%, 
SOUTH DAKOTA 51.7%, NORTH DAKOTA 
65.5%, MONTANA 154.2%. 

These states also made remarkable gains during 
the war, while other states suffered sharp declines, 
as shown bv Table No. 2 below. 



These gains are due largely to the Double-Profit 
System practiced by their dairy farmers, described 
on page 6. This region corresponds exactly with 
the Double-Profit region as shown on pages 4 and 
5. It is also the region where the dairymen's favo- 
rite paper is FARM, STOCK & HOME— "The 
Paper that Founded the Farmers' Creameries." 

The total gain since 1910 in these five states 
(1,092,643 cows) is 38.4% of the entire United 
States gain (2,841,568 cows). Their percentage of 
increase is 30.5% as compared with the United 
States percentage. (13.7%). Their average value 
per cow is $81.80, as compared with the United 
States average ($78.24). Their increase in value is 
$46.22 per cow, as compared with the United States 
increase ($44.00). 



TABLE NO. 1 

The Twelve States That Gained the Most Cows 

(90,000 or more from 1910 to 1919). (Iowa, New York and other Eastern States show Losses of Cows). 
Estimates Furnished by U. S. Department of Agriculture 

Rank as Cows Gained Percentage Total No. of Value Per Cow 

to Gain Since 1910 of Gain Cows, 1919 1919 1910 

1. WISCONSIN* 329.495 22.3% 1,803,000 $82.00 $34.55 

~2_ MINNESOTA* 282,612 26.0% 1,3 68,000 78.00 30.56 

3. Kansas 227,893 30.9% 964,000 81.00 33.01 

4. SOUTH DAKOTA* 191,236 51.7% 561,000 82.00 31.11 

5. NORTH DAKOTA* ~77~ 169,827 65.5% 429,000 80.00 33.72 

6. Washington . . 129,767 69.6% 216,000 75.00 42.89 

"7 Ohio 124,875 13.7% 1,030,000 83.50 37.52 

8. MONTANA* ". 119,473 154.2% 197,000 87.00 43.95 

9. Mississippi .~~~~T 119,413 27.7% 549,000 60.00 22.36 

10. Colorado 119,266 82.3% 264,000 88.00 41.19 

11. Alabama 102,464 26.1% 494,000 58.00 21.89 

12. California ~ 93,668 20.0% 561,000 79.00 39.79 

United States 2,841,568 13.7% 23,467,000 $78.24 34.34 

* FARM, STOCK & HOME States. 

Seventy per cent of the United States gain is in these twelve states. 



TABLE NO. 2 

Gains and Losses of Cows During Years 1917 and 1918 

Notice how rapidly the FARM, STOCK & HOME Group gained Cows. 
Estimates furnished by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 



Cows 

Gained 

*MINNESOTA .... 66,000 

♦WISCONSIN 53,000 

*SOUTH DAKOTA 37,000 
*NORTH DAKOTA 4,000 
♦MONTANA 37,000 



Cows 
Lost 

New York 61,000 

Iowa 24,000 

Texas 115,000 

Pennsylvania .... 1,000 

Michigan 17,000 

Oklahoma, Colorado, Mississippi, Alabama, Kentucky and Virginia Increased their cows. 
United States gain 573,000 
*FARM, STOCK & HOME States. 
This group also makes a remarkable showing as to: Increases of Hogs and Cattle, 1910-1919; Table No. 7, 
page 12. Gains and Losses, Hogs and Cattle, 1917-1918; Table No. 8, page 13. Increases of Farms and Crop Acreage; 
Table No. 12, page 21. 



Cows 
Gained 

Ohio 80,000 

Kansas 64,000 

Missouri 44,000 

Illinois 3,000 

Indiana 7,000 



Cows 
Lost 

Nebraska 14,000 

California 30,000 

Washington 47,000 

Oregon 3,000 



FA'RM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers^ 



Creameries 

Page Three 






E 




o 




t^ 




T3 




e 






'A 




O 


,« 


)— 1 


o 


O 


CO 


PJ 




P< 


g 


>H 


c 






« 




1— ( 


UJ 


< 


~- 


Q 


c 


H 




1—1 


^1 


(i< 


'-C 


o 




e4 


^ 


a, 




1 


E 


uJ 


f- 






hJ 


tt< 


« 




P 


^ 


O 


a 


Q 


t 




ZJ 


H 


C 


< 


■^^ 


pJ 




Pi 




O 






>-, 


pJ 




w 


^1 


H 


•- 



Th 



Double-Profit System of Dairying 



TKe Great Double-Profit Dairy Region 



The Double-Profit System of Dairying is most 
highly developed in the three leading dairy states, 
Minnesota, western Wisconsin and northern Iowa, 
as shown on this map. 

It is making rapid progress also in the three fast- 
growing dairy states, the Dakotas and Montana. 

This region exactly corresponds with the Fastest- 
Growing Dairy Region, shown on page 3. 

It is exactly the territory in which the dairymen's 
favorite paper is FARM, STOCK & HOME, "the 
paper that founded the Farmers' Creameries." 

MINNESOTA leads the United States in farm- 
ers' co-operative creameries, butter production and 
butter quality. Only three other states have more 
cows ; only two exceed its total dairy production ; 
none other produces as fine a grade of butter. 

WISCONSIN leads the United States in cheese, 
total production and total cows. The Creamery 
Butter-Making counties are largely in the western 
part, near Minnesota, as shown by Map No. 6 on 
page 14. It supplanted New York as first dairy 
state several years ago. 

MAP 



IO\\'A'S creameries also are largely in the north- 
eastern part, near to Minnesota, as shown by Map 
No. 5 on page 14. It has been supplanted by Min- 
nesota as to total production and creamerjr butter 
production. 

Comparisons of the production in Minnesota, 
Wisconsin, Iowa and New York are shown on 
pages 16 and 17. 

THE DAKOTAS AND MONTANA, influenced 
by these great nearby dairy states, are increasing 
both their creameries and dairy cows more rapidly 
than any other group in the country. South Dakota 
has advanced to 14th place in 1919 from 22nd in 
1910; North Dakota to 22nd from 27th; Montana 
to 33rd from 41st, as to dairy cows. Full produc- 
tion estimates are shown on page 17. 

Future dairv progress is better assured in the 
FARM, STOCK & HOME group than in any other 
region. It has the grasses, cool climate, fertile and 
well-watered soils of a natural dairy country. It 
also has the Double-Profit System of Dairying and 
creamery butter-making to insure its permanence. 
This is proven by the map below. 

NO. 3 



CREAMERIES 
1914 



EACH DOT REPRESENTS 
ONE CREAMERY 



f- ^^^ 




':crt!M 

18 


~fj_ 1 


• / ^"^ '*■ 


-s ^ 


A 



NUMBER OF CREAMERIES, 1914 



"""'VIZ 


UMTMES 


STATE 


NUHBER 


Va 


12 


Wyo. . . . 








Del 




N.Mc«.. 


7 


W. Va. . . 




Nev 




N.C 


5 


Ky 


5 


Ark 




La 




Ala 


3 


Miu 




Ariz .... 




R. 1 




S.C 


1 


G« 




Ea,l . . . . 


3,132 




2,331 


U. S 


5.463 



From 1915 Yearbook of Agriculture. Copies of these maps furnished free. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 



Th 



Double-Profit System 



f D a i r y i n 



Cows, Creameries and Co-operation Pay Double Profits 



The Dairy Farmer, America's true landed aristo- 
crat, has been called "a regular farmer, plus." And 
tlie Jairvman in j\Iinnesota and surrounding states 
is truly "a regular Dairy Farmer, plus." 

He practices a system of dairy farming that 
returns him two profits instead of only one. This 
makes him and his family the very best kind of 
customers for all kinds of quality merchandise. 

Source of the Second Profit 

It is generally known that the dairyman has all 
the needs and desires of an ordinary farmer, plus 
many others created by his complex, specialized 
business, and also, plus an increased income with 
which to gratify them. .\ large majorit)' of Min- 
nesota's farms are dairj' farms. Their owners, how- 
ever, have added to their incomes still another 
profit, besides other advantages, by organizing hun- 
dreds of co-operative creameries. These are owned 
and managed by the dairy farmers themselves. 
Creameries Create New Wealth 

These creameries are located in the farming dis- 
tricts, near to the dairy farms. They buy fresh 



cream or butterfat daily, manufacture it into high- 
grade butter; sell it at premium prices on the east- 
ern markets and then distribute all their profits to 
their farmer patrons. The creamery patron thus 
cnjo3'S all of the income and profit from his own 
dairy farm, plus his share of the creamerj^ profits 
also. Xo better method has ever been devised for 
returning to the farm producer all of the profits of 
his labor and industry. Naturally he can buy, and 
does buy many things that other farmers cannot 
aft'ord. 

Advantages of Dairy Farming 

Of itself, dairy farming is the highest tj'pe of 
agriculture that man has developed. It approxi- 
mates the ideal form of converting raw materials 
from the soil into finished food products for man- 
kind's use. It is the safest kind of farming, because 
it constantly renews the fertility of the fields. It is 
the most profitable because dairy products are so 
vital to human life that the}^ cannot be supplied in 
any other form. The demand always exceeds the 
supply. 



r 




COURTESY KING VENTIl 

STATE EXPERIMENTAL CREAMERY. ALBERT LEA, MINNESOTA. 



The only state-owned creamery in the country is at Albert Lea, Minnesota, where new methods arc tried out. 
Formerly a co-operative creamery, it still distributes the profits to its patrons. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the F armers' Creameries 

Page Six 



Th 



Douhle-Profit System of D a i r y i n 



Dairying is said to contribute more to the wealth 
and comfort of mankind than any other one indus- 
try. Certainly it is indispensable to civilized life. 
It is said that the average richest man in America 
is the average dairy farmer. 

The True DoublcTProfit System 

The Northwestern dairyman has not been con- 
tent, however, with all these advantages or with 
the single-profit system of producing a raw product 
like milk or cream. That of itself is a profitable 
business. He and his neighbors, however, have 
become successful merchandisers of the finished 
manufactured article, creamery butter. Mr. Dairy- 
man himself pockets the profits, instead of passing 
them along to anyone else. 

Leading Creamery Butter State 

So successful is this industry that Alinnesota has 
long been the leading creamery butter producing 
state. It has 841 creameries, of which 643 are 
co-operative. No other state has as many co-opera- 
tive creameries. Minnesota's butter production, the 
largest in the country, was more than 132,000,000 



pounds in 1918, and sold for more than $63,400,000. 
Of this the co-operative creameries contributed 
about 83,500,00 pounds and distributed their entire 
profits among their patrons. This was an income in 
addition to $57,000,000, which is about the total 
amount paid to farmers by all the creameries for 
butterfat, and also in addition to the farm profits 
made in producing this raw material. The average 
price paid for butterfat was about 52 cents a pound. 
The average price received for butter was about 48.5 
cents a pound. See Table No. 3, page 11. 

Third State as to Production 

The total dairy production in 1918 was about 
$134,000,000, and was exceeded only by Wisconsin 
and New York. It surpassed Iowa, the third state 
as to number of cows. 

Full production reports by counties for 1918 are 
shown on page 11, When compared with those of 
the three other leading dairy states, Wisconsin, 
New York, and Iowa, as on pages 16 and 17, they 
prove Minnesota's supremacy as the greatest butter 
producing state. 




CLARKS GROVE CREAMERY, CLARKS GROVE. MINNESOTA. 

The first successful Minnesota co-operative creamery, started 1890 by a group of Danish dairymen in Freeborn 
County, a model for other co-operative creamery organizations. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Seven 



Th 



Douhle-Profit System of Dairying 



Minnesota Butter Wins the Prize Banners 



Minnesota co-operative creamery butter is always 
in great demand because of its superior quality. 

It always commands a premium price on the 
most discriminating eastern markets. It has won 
all but two of the seventeen prizes ever offered in 
interstate contests during the past 20. years, viz. : 
twelve prize banners offered by the National Cream- 
ery Buttermakers' Association in their annual com- 
petitions, the grand prize at St. Louis Exposition 
in 1904, and two International Dairy Show cups. 

It was chosen to suppl}^ the. Navy in 1918, the 
standard set being so high that the Government 
was compelled to come to 52 Minnesota co-opera- 



S^^s 







One of the Prize Banners Awarded Minnesota Butter 



tive creameries for it. A state brand of high stan- 
dard butter has been established, which twelve 
creameries have cjualified to manufacture. 

Investigations made by the state have shown, too, 
that the co-operative creameries pay the farmer a 
higher average price for butterfat, or about 52 cents 
a pound in 1918, than the city creameries or "cen- 
tralizers," which rely on cream shipments, can 
afford to pay. A cash settlement for this is made 
with the farmer monthly or oftener and many of 
the creameries distribute their profits monthly as 
well. 

This system also gives the dairyman a 
practical control over his ultimate 
markets. The standard of fine, uniform 
(juality is maintained and the butter is 
sold as a high-grade product. The pro- 
ducer is in the enviable position of being 
the manufacturer of a trade-marked arti- 
cle, who produces his own raw materials 
at cost and controls his own prices and 
outlet. 

He reaps a harvest in the milk pall 
daily. He has a monthly instead of a 
yearly pay day — does not have to wait 
until fall to cash in. He pays his bills 
promptly and has a frequent turn-over 
of his working capital like any other suc- 
cessful business man. 

Could any condition be more ideal for 
multiplying farm wealth and creating 
markets for good merchandise? 

Herewith is shown one of the prize 
banners with a portrait of Prof. T. L. 
Haecker, one of the world's greatest au- 
thorities on dairj'ing, known as "The 
Father of the Co-operative Creameries," 
because, as founder also of the Minnesota 
Dairy School, he contributed more to up- 
building of the state's dairy and creamery 
industry than any other one man. For 
twenty vears he Avas Dairv Editor of 
FARM, iSTOCK & HOME, which fought 
his political battles and sustained all of 
his efforts to develop dairying. Sid- 
nev M. Owen, the paper's founder and 
editor, said: 

"If I have never done anything else worthy of 
credit, the help I have given Prof. Haecker ill 
pushing through his great work makes me feel 
that I have not lived in vain." 

Thus it may truly be said that "FARM, 
STOCK & HOME is the Paper that 
Founded the Farmers' Creameries." The 
story of the work of these two men is told 
on page 30. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Eight 



Th 



D 



o u 



hle-Profit S y 



stem 



of Dairying 



Markets Created by Individual and Centralized Creameries 



Mention must be made also of the markets af- 
forded by the individual creameries and the cen- 
tralizers, the direct competitors of the co-operative 
creameries. 

Most of the Individual Creameries are in the 
country, operated on the same plan as the Co-opera- 
tives except that they do not distribute their profits 
to their patrons. Many of their owners and stock- 
holders are farmers, however. They also produce 
good butter and afford a ready-cash market for 
cream. 

The Centralizers are city establish- 
ments, most of which are larger than any 
one country creamery. Minneapolis and 
St. Paul each has ten, Duluth has two 
and the state has 39. They draw cream 
shipments from a wide radius, including 
other states. Their large capacity makes 
them keen rivals of the co-operatives. 
But the latter have the advantage of 
being closer to fresh cream supplies and 
produce a higher grade of butter. With 
this they hold their own on the markets 
by merit. 

The centralizers afford a market for 
cream in many communities where dairy- 
ing is not far enough advanced or cows 
are not numerous enough to support a 
local creamery. This is a very valuable 
service. It has helped many localities to 
get a_ start in dairying, and has proven 
beneficial to the industry. 

Butter production' in Minnesota is di- 
vided among the three as follows : 

1917 1918 

Approximate 

Pounds Pounds 

Co-operative creameries 75,325,732 83,500,000 

Individual creameries.. 12,919,109 14,000,000 

Centralizers 33,860,054 35,000,000 

Minnesota has also 85 cheese factories, 
which produced in 1917, 6,421,148 pounds 
of cheese worth $1,481,196.54 (1918 esti- 
mates, $1,640,054), and paid out to 
patrons for milk, $1,340,329.08. Fifty- 
two of these are co-operative also and 
so add to the Double-Profit System of 
Dair3dng. 

The Ice Cream factories, also buyers 



of separated cream, number about one hundred and 
are increasing rapidly now, stimulated by the ad- 
vancement of prohibition. Their production adds 
two million dollars more to the state's annual dairy 
wealth. Condensaries and powdered milk factories 
number three each. 

Another one of the twelve prize banners won by 
Minnesota in keen competition with other dairy 
states is shown below. The association that 
awards these prizes naturally includes in its mem- 
bership the most discriminating judges of good but- 
ter in the country. 




Another of the Banners Won by Minnesota Butter 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers 



Creameries 

Page Nine 



MAP NO. 4 



\KITTSON 'J^'osk'JW 

6-0-0 i S - I -O 
%307 • 3.353 

IfMARSHA'CU 7 

9 -^ - O i 

14.699 I 

Spolk^ ~^i7!fwiSWf} — I 



HOP MAN TmAH'nOUCW' 

II -o-o I z-o-o |\ 

5-0-0 \ 10 - 2 - a 

IZ.4I7 \ 12.382 




Utasca 



^UBB>lRD'.cASS 




4-2-0 
B.40a 



AITKIN 



26-2-0 

42, 66/ 



■JO. 251 



■JCROW " 
j. WING 

'3'- 



3'-2-0 } 
7. 35S^^j 



-o l-"V<^-J 
'^ l8-/-orj-/-tr^ 



\pFnc ' \ 



10 -4-0 



. TH AVE RSE. 

\BieSTON£[ 

vl-2-O 



JOTTERTAIL 

fVILKIN~l 

Wood 

I 14-0-0 j 

■ 4-Z-o'y 12- 2 -I i 
9,9/6 I /S,250 . 

WfEWNs\'POPE ^TEA PNS 

^2-1-0 i 6-S-O 22-5 

2 /OO I 15, 386 I 

■^ L L L_ 

~ - 1- 1 ; raw/ __ 

I490 io ^ / Mff>ff/?1lV/?/e//7- 

■~^.-J ^■/\-' ,8-2-0 ,7- 7-0 f X"^ 1 5 % \ PAMSEY 

'^- "5 J J__ pifoo"! L A^rAjIn" ^- ^^^ 

WenvillE ■ ■] ,*-2-o \cAFVER-\_T~r^HENNtPIN 

\l.lNC0LI*^LrON . I X,^^ f 3-2-1 (_ ie.l9Z \ 15.376 y V^ 

\S-0-0\ 2-0-2 f£on-ooa ^-v,^j_ Jo,*a6_ _p:'sWuW^!ci\_ f-^oooHuE ~\ STATE TOTALS 

\/2 6e6; I54-30 i 4-4-0 \^'\niCOLlEf •7,.,,^ S-5-0\ 9-2-Z j~ ^ 

«.S«I ,7.27-, I ,^^^ LVicf I--' 



\QVIPARit 
I Z-l-O 

I /5; /4-f 



, \3S^i\e.750 

.. ^EHTOtl ■ I I N, 

\5-4-0 I \iSANfi\CHIS I 

_!_± _]8-2-0C°'^ 
42.S40 \^HEPBUm!Si 14.778 1//.^., 

'''^'44a\AN0KT\^'*'"> 
YOMI j l-w'^ ^^ \z-2-0 I 

\s-4-, h^^"^^ r!'^5'yT>^/3,^ h " 



MINNESOTA 

CREAMERIES 

AND DAIRY COWS 

1919 



\yELLOW MEO/CINe 
! 2-2 



I sn 



Key to Map ($ ^ S 

CREAMERIES 6 | ^ 

Shown Thus As In: *^ ^ '^ 

Stearns Co 22-5- z 

Dairy Cows No. ^2540 



Co In Cen. 
841 Creameries 645 - IS9- 39 
Dairy Cows- I 368. 000 



.t-^H. 



23, 2oa \ It. las '9.-'^'' '« "75 I 



i/-/-0 j 2-2-0 j 10-0-0 7-3-1 j 1^-0-0 ■ 26-O-0\ s-s-O 



DOD6E _ 

7-2-/ 



I /2, «e,y 1 /5 ,*/6 
1 I 



I 

I I.. 



—^LLMORE [hOuJtOH 



10-4-0 
2a. 435 



Figures Furnished 
By U.S. Dept or Asr. 
AND State Dairy 5 
Fooo Dept. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper that founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Compare with map No. 9 and notice how farmers in the developed Creamery and Dairy counties are buying automobiles, 
also that only one half of the state is a developed Dairy district. The other half has wonderful dairying 
possibilities. Copies of these maps furnished Free. 



Th 



D 



o u 



h I 



Profit S y s t 



e m 



of D 



a i r y i n ^ 



How tKe Double-Profit System Creates WealtK 



Minnesota Creameries Produce More Than 

$63,000,000 Worth of Butter and Pay 

Out Nearly $57,000,000 to 

Dairymen in 1918 

The millions paid for butterfat go directly to 
the dairy farmer, in addition to all the profits 
on every pound sold by co-operative cream- 
eries. They manufacture about two-thirds of 
the total production. Cash settlements are 
made monthly or oftener and the farmer ac- 
tually receives 77 cents out of every dollar of 
the retail price. (See page 38.) 

The price paid for butterfat averaged in 1918 
about 52 cents a pound by the co-operative 
creameries and about 48 cents by the others. 
The average price received for all butter was 
about 48.5 cents. 

Ramsey County, including St. Paul, and Hen- 
nepin County, including Minneapolis, with ten 
centralizers each, naturally lead in total pro- 
duction. 

Twenty-one other counties (Table No. 5) 
each produce from $1,000,000 to nearly $3,000,- 
000 worth. Nearly all of them distribute more 
than $1,000,000 a year to farmers for butterfat. 
Of these, 11 lie south of the Twin Cities: Blue 
Earth, Faribault, Fillmore, Freeborn, Goodhue, 
Martin, Mower, Olmsted, Pipestone, Steele and 
Winona. Four lie directly west: Carver, Mc- 
Leod, Meeker and Wright. Six lie north; 
Douglas, Mille Lacs, Morrison, Ottertail, 
Stearns and Todd. 

TABLE NO. 3. 
HOW FARMERS' CREAMERIES DISTRIBUTE 

WEALTH. 
Summary of Reports Received from 233 Co-opera- 
tive Creameries in Different Sections of Min- 
nesota for March 1919, By A. J. Mc- 
Guire, Agricultural Extension Divi- 
sion, University of Minnesota. 
No. of Price Av. Net 



TABLE No. 5 



Cream- Paid 

eries Butterfat 

5 paid 77 cen 

6 paid 76 cen 
17 paid 75 cen 
12 paid 74 cen 



18 paid 73 

22 paid 72 cen 

16 paid 71 cen 
30 paid 70 cen 

17 paid 69 cen 

18 paid 68 cen 

12 paid 67 cen 

13 paid 66 cen 
12 paid 65 cen 

7 paid 64 cen 

6 paid 63 cen 

5 paid 62 cen 

2 paid 61 cen 

5 paid 60 cen 

2 paid 59 cen 
4 paid 58 cen 

3 paid 57 cen 
1 paid 56 cen 

Average net p 
creameries, 70.5: 

Average net p 
cents. 



Av. Amt. 
Butter- 
fat Reed. 

14,497 
19,774 
15.14"; 
15,356 

IS.liDO 
10,630 
14,793 
8,858 
9,571 
6,999 
5,259 
5,004 
6,625 
6,016 
9,931 
8,508 
5,964 
5,175 
9,352 
5,558 
6,103 
6,607 
ce paid by above 233 co-operative 

York extra butter, 61.82 



ce Reed. 

- Butter 

65.53 

63.56 

63.81 

62.19 

b;;.(jO 

62.24 

60.75 

s 61.35 

s 60.44 

s 61.15 

s 60.96 

60.82 
60.39 
59.48 
58.99 

s 58.5 

s 57.14 

s 60.19 

s 60.00 

55.08 
59.50 
57.00 



TABLE NO. 4. 

MINNESOTA DAIRY PROGRESS SINCE 1905. 
Creameries, 

Co- Ind. Butter Butter 

oper- and Made, Sold, 

ative Cent. Pounds Amt. Reed. 

1906 555 171 86,217,727 $18,364,320.06 

1910 560 190 95,668,216 26,946,296.53 

1914 622 228 120,806,398 33,603,847.78 

1918 643 198 132,878,546 63,467,652.77 



Compiled June 15, 1919, from 1918 reports of Creameries, to James Sorenson, Minnesota Dairy and 
Food Commissioner. Approximate figures subject to revision in commissioner's final report. 



Totals. 



.\itltin 

.4noka 

Becker 

Beltrami- . . 

Benton 

Big Stone . . 
•Blue Earth. 

Brown 

Carlton. . . . 



Cfiippewa. 



Clay. 

Clearwater. . 

Cottonwood. 

Crow Wing.. 

Dakota 

Dodge 

*Douglas 

*Faribault .... 

*Fillmore 

•Freeborn. . . . 
•Goodhue. . . . 

Grant 

1 Hennepin . . . 

Houston .... 

Hubbard .... 

Isanti 

Itasca 



Kandiyohi . . . 

Kittson 

Koochiching . 

La qui Parle . 

Le Sueur .... 

Lincoln 

Lyon 

•McLeod 

Mahnomen . . 

Marshall .... 

•Martin 

•Meeker 

•Mille Lacs . . . 
•Morrison.... 
•Mower 

Murray 

Nicollet 

Nobles 

Norman 

•Olmsted 

•Otter Tail. .. 

Pennington. . 

Pine 



Polk, 



2 Ramsey. . 
Red Lake . 
Redwood. . 
Renville... 

Rock 



3 St. Louis . 

Scott 

Sherburne . 

Sibley 

•Stearns 

•Steele 

Stevens 

Swift 

•Todd 

Traverse . . 



Wadena . . . . 
Waseca . . . . 
Washington 
Watonwan . 
Wilkin..... 
•Winona.... 



4,56S 
1,153 
7,996 
1,075 



15,989 
14,702 
16,380 
22,247 



52,257 
10,696 
1,127 



9,122 
8,917 
11,998 
19,705 
2,184 
7,585 
18,143 
17,634 
12,750 
20,391 
13,249 
3,684 
8,855 
5,068 
7.559 
12,498 
28,477 
6,700 
10,954 
14,813 
12,772 
7.166 
75,313 
3,607 
5,765 
11,858 
11,056 
4,600 
3.539 
24,922 
7,472 
2,580 
12,032 
39,528 
20,660 
2,700 



7,402 
13.930 
12,730 
3.942| 
7.286 
1.500 
13,581 
22,186 
6,478 



762,229 
175,792 
773,311 
101,119 
1,124,465 



2,827,237 



243,086 

397,221 

1,940.407 

425,004 

320,326 

540,659 

160,485 

681,901 

1.125,665 

2,701,448 

2,302,597 

2,380,201 

3,888.872 

2,569,426 

736,161 

8,016,293 

1,454,419 

107,017 

i,e 



'8,111 

112,561 

927,758 

496,850 

1,107,734 

529,716 

13,500 

77,083 

1,442,379 

1,020,593 

1,955,231 

3,521,653 

171,525 

660,634 

2,732,370 

2,544,174 

2,123,131 

2,133,127 

1,863,858 

484,035 

1,276,871 

860,785 

587,262 

2,205,307 

3,363,258 

771,660 

1.50S.402 

2,281,773 

1,562,258 

827,769 

12,666,192 

382,667 

729,282 

1,353,156 

1,874,858 

319,885 

412,587 

3,917,820 

1,156,591 

277,084 

1,929,292 

5,937,348 

3,613,573 

200,824 

1,325,095 

2,612,635 



1,461,458 
1,173,745 
1,939,237 

723,973 
1,002,283 

197,584 
2,253,620 
3.675,846 

660.159 



1,290,897.29 
570,459.04 
324,831.65 

1,518,677.44 
92,627.12 
169,677.62 
853,412.10 
172,370,72 
136,912.26 
213,765.82 
64,589.60 
288,421.46 
600,827.28 

1,142,767.87 
979,229.99 

1,061,574.82 

1,827,674.19 

1,182,165.02 
306,170.99 

3,187.420.44 
626,286.81 
43,887.86 
490,246.42 
45,506.53 
395,990.86 
233.307.21 
439,206.56 
200,435.16 
4,698.73 
29,909.11 
657,763.07 
444,290.42 
726,090.96 

1,677.104.02 
68,184.20 
268.051.98 

1,198.927.84 

1,051.911.00 
947,084.41 
835,167.23 

1,112,120.38 
193.021.51 
569,731.55 
328,845.31 
247,678.19 

1,006,648.79 

1,452,798.66 
328,196.02 
651,763.07 
944.095.63 
634,034.76 
339,435,25 

4,962,707.70 
165,880,70 
322,741.35 
579,524.77 
846,168.69 
133.936.95 
168,446.07 

1,496.806.85 
493,074.00 
105,164.49 
806,013.13 

2.527,034.77 

1,637.305.60 
77,928.67 
566,632.06 

1,161,235.47 



644,642.77 

499,771.26 

871,021.42 

326,494.56 

434.578.85 

79,373.63 

1,012.311.82 

1,567,546.26 

268,215.75 



$63,467,652.77 



8331,983.38 
81,020.40 

371,269.00 
. 47,322.58 

509,188.97 



1,397,876.13 

623,685.52 

377,618.38 

1,659,660,80 

106,688.06 

192,884.44 

909,287.68 

197,255.02 

147,991.01 

244,303.67 

72,539.80 

329,449.81 

562,602.70 

1,286,781.68 

1,058,463.69 

1,146,020.48 

1,930,996.16 

1,223,011.48 

336,113.32 

3,671,457.29 

694,745.91 

48,631.70 

547,738.97 

55,129.69 

438,737.11 

257,176.37 

529,870.64 

234,920.61 

6,526.52 

37,257.54 

620.464.82 



447,£ 



S.81 



8.34,319.77 

1,812,357.59 

77.475.92 

300.333.72 

1,298,350.90 

1.245,886 34 

1,005,133.52 

1,008.685.50 

1,236,597.02 

222,089.42 

614,837.69 

397,249.19 

273,631.14 

1,117,022.32 

1,591,570.12 

374,078.59 

725,717.16 

1,049,174.39 

707,797.41 

382,529.38 

5,622,476.11 

179.487.66 

362,760.09 

653,743.79 

927,281.37 

146.686.19 

189,313.64 

1,768,268.56 

555,567.31 

131,249.19 

930,132.19 

2,864,871.65 

1,812,961.34 

90,678.71 

603,286.93 

1,273,463.68 



710.808.94 
547,967.03 
953,294.69 
361,526.55 
477,656.23 
86,936.96 
1,084,712.28 
1,788.946 23 
319.498.94 



1 Ramsey County includes St. Paul. 

2 Hennepin County includes Minneapohs. 

3 St. Louis County includes Duluth. 
•Twenty-one other counties that each produ 



; than a Million Doliai 



Th 



Double-Profit System of Dairying 



By-Products tKat EnricK tKe Dairyman 

How they Helped Him "Carry On" During the World War 



Three valuable by-products give to the creamery 
patrons a third profit and another advantage over 
other dairymen— natural fertilizer, skimmilk and 
young calves. 

The first is available on all livestock farms and is 
spread on the soil to renew fertility. Skimmilk, 
however, can be had only where cream is separated 
to make butter. It is the natural and most valuable 
feed for calves, pigs and chickens. Fed to them 
with grain it is used to build up the dairy herd; or 
marketed as pork, beef or poultry. This yields 
much greater profits than if the whole milk is sold 
to a cheese factory, condensary, or to market. 

So creamery patrons usually make a nice addi- 
tional profit out of hogs and they also build up 
their herds by saving the best heifer calves, which 
whole milk producers are obliged to slaughter at 
birth. The cost of raising them without skimmilk 
eats up their profit, when feed prices are as high 
as at present. 

This is a great advantage to Minnesota dairymen 
over Wisconsin patrons of cheese factories and con- 
densaries, which buy whole milk. While whey 
also may be fed, its value is only about one half 
that of skimmilk and it must be hauled back from 
the cheese factory at additional cost. Cream for 



butter-making, however, is usually separated on the 
farm and the skiinmilk never leaves it. 

Onh' 12 of Minnesota's 841 creameries take whole 
milk, 619 take separated cream alone, onl_v 210 take 
both. Between 75,000 to 80,000 hand separators 
are estimated to be in use, making plenty of skim- 
milk available. 

Experiments in Wisconsin show that, fed with 
grain, sl<"immilk is worth about one half as much 
as corn, or $1.00 to $1.25 per hundred pounds at 
1919 prices. If sold as whole milk it brings very 
much less, or about one half this price, so thrifty 
farmers feed it at home. Prof. T. L. Haecker, 
founder of the co-operative creameries and of the 
Minnesota State Dairy School, adopted a policy of 
encouraging butter making instead cheese, because 
of the state's early need for building up its young- 
herds on skimmilk. 

Its real value was strikingly shown during the 
war. Market milk states had to sacrifice their herds 
heavily, because the feed shortage made calf raising 
prohibitive. This is one reason why dairy progress 
has halted in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania 
and parts of Iowa and Illinois. The butter and 
cheese making districts, however, all had an abund- 
ance of skimmilk or whej^ so they increased their 
herds rapid]}^, as shown by Tables No. 7 and 8. 



TABLE NO, 7 
Increases of Ho|,s and Cattle, 1910-1919 in Important Dairy States 

Estimates Furnished by U. S. Department of Agriculture 

Hogs Cattle (Other than Dairy Cows 

Gain Since Gain Since 

1910 Total, 1919 1910 Total, 1919 

''MINNESOTA 1,263,743 2,784,000 369,953 1,632,000 

'^WISCONSIN 371,669 2,181,000 229,431 1,436,000 

*NORTH DAKOTA 124,397 456,000 127,411 612,000 

"SOUTH DAKOTA 644,279 1,654,000 330,488 1,496,000 

* MONTANA 100,739 200,000 154,380 1,020,000 

*IOWA •■ 3,379,147 10,925,000 (Loss 180,214) 2,861,000 

New York 147,821 814,000 (Loss 2,409) 911,000 

XUjnois 1,037,638 5,724,000 (Loss 23,354) 1,367,000 

Texas (Loss 16,363) 2,320,000 (Loss 1,959,719) 3,961,000 

Ohio 1,160,373 4,266,000 109,418 1,102,000 

Pennsylvania 442,363 1,420,000 78,121 731,000 

Kansas (Loss 619,157) 2,381,000 57,704 2,401,000 

Missouri •. •• 504,806 4,943,000 76,948 1,782,000 

Indiana ' 1,054,094 4,668,000 50,575 780,000 

Nebraska 814,276 4,250,000 621,602 2,940,000 

Michigan '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 109,167 1,355,000 (Loss 1,740) 729,000 

U. S. Gain 17,401,324 U. S. Total 75,587,000 U. S. Gain 3,220,566 U. S. Total 44,399,000 

* FARM, STOCK & HOME States. 

The Gains and Losses of Dairy Cows, 1910-1919 and 1917-1918, are shown on pages 2 and 3. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers 

Page Twelve 



Creameries 



Th 



Douhle-Profit S y s t 



e VI 



of D 



a I r y I n 



War-Times' Testing of the Co-operative System 

Lar^e ^ains of all Live Stock in 1917 and 1918 
hy the Farm, Stock & Home Group 



The acid test was applied to this dairy region 
during the war. Minnesota and the Dakotas rolled 
up the greatest spring wheat crop in the Nation's 
. history, and at the same time increased their live- 
stock rapidly. 

All butter making districts, with their abundance 
of cheap skimmilk, increased their Dairy Herds, 
Other Cattle and Hogs during 1917 and 1918. 

Gains of Dairy Cows 

MINNESOTA gained 66,000 dairy cows, or more 
than any other state except Ohio (80,000). This 
was more than the gain in Wisconsin (53,000), 
where cheese and condensed milk predominate, 
taking whole milk and leaving no skimmilk. South 
Dakota and Montana each gained 37,000, North 
Dakota 4,000. Other important dairy states like 
New York, Iowa, Texas, Pennsylvania, Michigan 
and Nebraska lost heavily, as shown by Table No. 
2 on page 3 — "Gains and Losses of Cows, 1917- 
1918." 



Gains of Other Cattle 
MINNESOTA gained 232,000 other cattle, or 
more than twice as many as Wisconsin, Iowa, Illi- 
nois, Pennsylvania or New York, and more than 
Clhio, Kansas, Missouri, Indiana, or any other state 
except Nebraska or South Dakota. SOUTH DA- 
KOTA gained 246,000. See Table No. 8, below. 

Gains of Swine 

MINNESOTA also gained 709,000 hogs, or more 
than five times as many as Wisconsin, and about 
half as many as the greatest hog state, Iowa. No 
other state except Ohio and Illinois gained as many 
hogs as Minnesota. SOUTH DAKOTA gained 
222,000. See Table No. 8 below. 

The great advantage that co-operative butter- 
making districts, with their skimmilk by-product, 
have over other dairy districts could not be better 
proven than by these tables : 



TABLE NO. 8 

Gains and Losses, Ho^s and Cattle, 1917 and 1918, in Important Dairy States 

Estimates Furnished by the U. S. Department of Agriculture 



*MINNESOTA 

'WISCONSIN 

*NORTH DAKOTA. 
*SOUTH DAKOTA. 

*MONTANA 

*IOWA 

New York 

Illinois 

Texas 

Ohio 



Pennsylvania . 

Kansas 

Missouri 

Indiana 

Nebraska 

Michigan . . . . 
U. S. Gain. 



Hogs 
Gained 
709,000 
121,000 

222,666 

1,555,660 

55,000 

,280,000 

739,660 
246,000 

663,666 

698,000 

50,000 

10,000 

1,084,000 



* FARM, STOCK & HOME States. 

The Gains and Losses of Dairy Cows, 1917-1918, are shown on page 3. 

The Gains of Dairy Cows, 1910-1919, are shown on page 3. 



Hogs Cattle (other than Dairy Cows) 



Lost 


Gained 

232,000 

96,000 


Lost 


194,666 


' 246,666 


38,666 


69,000 


20,000 
107,000 

' 1 16,66o 


28,666 


909,000 


" 202,666 

67,000 


1,521,666 


154,666 


201,000 

132,000 

45,000 

415,000 


i',666 



U. S. Gain 2,710,000 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Thirteen 



Th 



D 



o u 



hle-Profit System of Dairying 



Co-operation in the Farm, Stock & Home Group Leads tKe 

United States 

Besides its lead as to creameries, Minnesota has Federal Farm Loan Associations 

a larger total of farmers' co-operative enterprises The FARM, STOCK & HOME group is among 

(2,950) than anj^ other state. Iowa was second, the leading states as to co-operative loan associa- 

Wisconsin third. North Dakota fourth, and the tions, as shown by the following table furnished by 

United States had about 12,300 in 1914-1915, accord- J^^g^^^"^^ ^''^™ ^°^'' ^^"^" °^ S*- P''^^^' ^^^^' ^' 
ing to a survey by the U. S. Office of Markets and 

T. 1 ^ ■ ^- /■□ 11 4.- C/iVN Loans Total Amount 

Rural Organizations (Bulletin 547). Associations Completed Loaned 

„, ^ ^ ^. -, ^,7 r • Minnesota 117 2,689 $7,548,600 

In the 23 states reporting were 1,637 farmers ^^^.^^ Dakota ... 164 4,764 14,086,800 

grain elevators and warehouses doing a total annual South Dakota ... 77 1,448 5,495,950 

business of $234,529,716.00. North Dakota reported Sonsin ' ! ! . ! ! i! 7} M59 ISoS 

264, Minnesota, 241, Iowa 228, South Dakota 135. This money was loaned for the following purposes: 

„, ' T-T -^ J Oi .^ 1 J e cnn :„„ „„^ -i Knn Buy land 8%, buildings and improvements 10%, imple- 

The United States had 5,500 creameries and 3,500 ^/^,^ ^^^ equipment 3%, buy bank stock 5%, buy live- 

cheese factories. stock 4%, pay mortgages 60%, other debts 10%. 

TABLE NO. 9 
SUMMARY OF FARMERS' CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN MINNESOTA 

Value of Business 
1917 1913 1917 1913 

Creameries ^'^3 613 $31,012,000 $21,675,252 

Elevators (1917 crop) '.'.'.'. 360 270 45,000,000 24,000,000 

Livestock Shipping Associations 400 115 33,000,000 6,000,000 

Cheese Factories 52 34 986,000 637,224 

Stores 102 115 6,500,000 4,250,000 

Potato Warehouses". 15 20 300,000 100,000 

Fire Insurance Companies (1915) 159 154 712,606 696,732 

*Telephone Companies 950 600 1,200,000 900,000 

**Miscellaneous 275 86 

loial 2,950 2,000 $118,710,000 $58,260,000 

* Total in state, 1,400, including stock companies. 
** Includes 100 buying clubs, 75 horse breeding associations, 28 breeding associations, 25 county breeders asso- 
ciations, 28 co-operative bull associations, 15 cov? testing associations, 7 farmers' lumber yards, 12 miscellaneous. 
From Minnesota State Bxilletin No. 184, "Farmers' Co-operation in Minnesota, 1913-1917," by Prof. Black and Frank 
Robotka, June, 1919 

MAP NO. 6 
MAP NO. 5 WISCONSIN CHEESE AND BUTTER DISTRICTS 

LOCATION OF IOWA'S CREAMERIES 




From Dairy Commissioner's Report 

Iowa's 451 creameries are largely in the north- 
ern counties in which FARM, STOCK & HOME 
circulates. Co-operative creameries number 251. 
Production estimates are shown on page 17. 



Increase in Cheese Production 1909-1917 Counties Showing an Increase in Butter 

Production 1909-1917 
From Dairy Commissioner's Bulletin 

Wisconsin butter production has increased largely in western 
counties, where FARM, STOCK & HOME circulates. The state 
as a whole gained 665 cheese factories, 1909-1917, and lost 147 
creameries. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Fottrteen 



Th 



Douhle-Profit System of Dairying, 



Co-operation in tKe OtKer Farm, Stock and Home States 

FARM, STOCK & HOME'S circulation covers exactly the dairy districts of Minnesota, northern 
Iowa, western Wisconsin, the Dakotas, and Montana, where the Double-Profit System of creamery butter 
making is most highly developed. In Minnesota it reaches more than half the farms. 

For several years it has had the largest total circulation in this group. There is a reason. 
It is the dairyman's favorite paper, because it is "The Paper that Founded the Farmers' Creameries." 
It is directly responsible for the development of this system in the Northwest. The story of its work 
and of the paper's editors, who had a large part in the building-up of this great Dairy industry, is 
told on pages 30 and 31. 

Detailed statements as to circulation distribution will be sent free on rec^uest. 



Wisconsin 

WISCONSIN, first dairy state, is also the leading 
cheese producing state. Its 1918 production of 
$76,248,547.00 was an increase of more than 90% 
over 1909. It has 2,593 cheese' factories as com- 
pared with 1,928 in 1910. It gained 227 from 1916 
to 1918. Many of these are co-operative, distribut- 
ing their profits to patrons. . They have crowded 
the butter factories into the western counties, where 
FARM, STOCK & HOME circulates, near to the 
Twin City and Duluth markets in Minnesota, as 
shown by Map No. 6 on the opposite page. 

The state had 1,005 creameries in 1910 and 858 
in 1918. Creameries decreased 65 from 1916 to 1918. 
Many of them produce both cheese and butter, and 
about one-half are co-operative. 
■ The creameries produced 101,325,285 pounds of 
butter in 1917, or 3.8% less than in 1910, but it sold 
for about ten million dollars more ($39,583,037.00). 
The 1918 estimate is $49,649,391.00. 

In the western counties, however, increases of 
creameries and butter production were made. See 
Map No. 6. Conditions here are about the same as 
in Minnesota. Dairymen realize the feeding value 
of the skimmilk by-product of butter-making, 
already shown on page 12, to be higher than when 
sold as whole milk. 

\Msconsin's 53 condensaries are also largely in 
eastern counties. They bought 747,540,078 pounds 
of milk, worth $22,815,693.75 in 1918, an increase 
of more than 260% over 1910. Most of them are 
not co-operative, however. Condensed milk and 
cheese 'production were both greatly stimulated- by 
the war, as these products are more easily stored 
and transported than butter, which is more perish- 
able. Iowa 

Iowa's 451 creameries are shown by Map No. 5 
to be largely within FARM, STOCK & HOME'S 
territory in the northern counties. Co-operative 
factories number 251. The state's total dairy pro- 
duction is shown on page 17. 

North Dakota, South Dakota and Montana 

Farmers in these three states are turning rapidly 
from wheat raising to dairying, just as in the earlier 
days in Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa. Cream- 
eries are multiplying, as dairy cows increase. The 



centralizers still afford a good market. FARM, 
STOCK & HOME is assisting this development 
with constant educational service as to dairying, co- 
operation and marketing. 

North Dakota 

J. J. Osterhaus, Dairy Commissioner, says : "In 
1918 several creameries indicated an interest in im- 
proved marketing methods. The North Dakota 
Federated Creameries' Association has been formed, 
thirteen creameries joined together to purchase sup- 
plies co-operatively and standardize the quality of 
their product. This department acts as business 
manager, inspecting grades and weights, and locat- 
ing the best markets for carload lots. Butter ship- 
ments formerly varied in appearance, color, pack- 
age, composition and flavor. Remarkable improve- 
ment has been noted. Several creameries are receiv- 
ing one-half to one and a half cents net per pound 
more than before. A similar organization will be 
effected in eastern North Dakota." 
South Dakota 

A. P. Ryger, State Dairy Expert, says : "The war 
has had no detrimental effect on the dairy industry 
in the state. It is hoped our farmers will consider 
dairying's importance as an economic necessity and 
not dispose of cows because of high prices of feed 
and labor. The 1917 dairy production is about 5% 
less than 1916, but higher prices gave an increase 
in value of about six million dollars. Prices are 
increasing as people come to realize that there are 
no foods cheaper than milk, cream, butter, cheese 
and ice cream." 

Montana 

Wm. H. Feluhr, Dairy Commissioner, says: 
"Montana is being noticed for its rapid growth in 
dairying. We have made a very creditable showing 
the past four years and will make a wonderful 
showing the next four. We have much activity 
now in silo building and crops being raised for 
silage. With the coming of homesteaders to Mon- 
tana we have had a great increase in dairying, as 
evidenced by the increase in our factories. Four 
years ago we had 20 creameries and no cheese fac- 
tories. Today we have 62 creameries and thirteen 
cheese factories. They have had good prices and 
a good season." 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Fifteen 



The Douhle-Profit S y s t e 



m o 



f D 



a I V y I n 




1t$^ 




'* 


iiifeiifflLs 


■■■"' 


, ^ ->Amm 




^innix ^ 



HOME OF W. F. SCHILLING, D;^ 
Spring Brook Farm, One Mile South of Northfield, Minn. One of the Farms ! 



MORE THAN HALF f A BILLION DOB 

COMPARISON OF THE 1918 PRODUCTION IN THE FOUR GREATESTII 

Minnesota Leads the U. S. in Creamery Butter, Wisconsin in Chee 



Total Dairy Production 

Total Creamery Butter 

Creamery By-Products 

Farm Butter 

Farm Cheese 

Factory Cheese 

Cheese Factory By-Products 

Market Milk and Cream 

Ice Cream 

Condensed and Powdered Milk 

Skimmilk, Whey, Buttermilk, Etc 

Other Dairy Prodvicts 

Total Farms (United States Estimate, 1919) 

Total Dairy Cows (United States Estimate, 1919) 

Total Creameries , 

Total Co-operative Creameries 

Cheese Factories 

Cream Stations 

Ice Cream Factories 

Condensaries 

I-'owdered Milk Factories 

Silos (1916 Estimate) 

Cream Separators 

Cow-Testing- Associations, 1918 



Minnesota 

$133,792,951 

63,467,653 

50,000 

2,474,105 

21,200 

1,640,054 

* * * 

23,981,914 

2,083,476 

312,000 

39,762,549 

* * * 

157,000 

1,368,000 

841 

643 

85 

95 

3 

3 

16,000 

80.000 

26 



Wisconsin 

$221,659,813 

49,649,391 

3,564,550 

3,896,715 

231,347 

76,248,547 

271,112 

36,181,996 

1,534,572 

22,815,694 

27,265,889 

* * * 

182,000 

1,803,000 

859 

430 

2,593 



53 

55,992 

82 



COMPILED FROM DATA FURNISHED BY STATI 



JAMES SORENSON, Da 



GEORGE J. WEIGLE, Dairy and Food Commissioner, Wisconsin. 
J. J. OSTERHAUS, Dairy Commissioner, North Dakota. 



w. :i 

A. P. RYGER, si 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers 

Page Sixteen 



• r e amevie s 



The Douhle-Profit System of D a i r y i n 




DITOR. FARM, STOCK AND HOME 

Brds That Have Made Northfleid a Famous Center for Holstein-Friesian Cattle. 



K"^ 



:&' 




GLENCOE CO-OPERATIVE CREAMERY, GLENCOE, MINNESOTA 
Another Distributor of Wealth to Dairymen. 



ARS' WORTH OF DAIRY PRODUCTS 

vIRY STATES, AND THE THREE FASTEST GR'OWING DAIRY STATES. 
')wa in Farm Dairy Butter, N. Y. in Condensed and Market Milk. 



Iowa 


New York North Dakota 


South Dakota 


Montana 


$119,248,831 


$208,084,590 $25,182,774 


$24,745,600 


$12,222,000 


38,806,989 

* * * 


7,005,564 9,513,635 
* * * * * * 


12,102,000 

* * * 


2,500,000 

* * * 


30,978,552 


* * * 2,319,569 


2,684,000 


750,000 


* * :!= 


* * * 43,504 


* * * 


* * * 


118,980 


14,800,996 * ^■= * 


* * --j: 


375,000 


* * =•: 


218,723 * * * 


* * * 


* * * 


31,410,000 


98,338,854 10,828,233 


4,720,000 


8,212,000 


5,513,997 


33,336,441 * * * 


1,050,000 


385,000 


420,313 


53,168,023 . * * * 


* * * 


* * ^ 


12,000,000 


259,059 2,477,833 


4,189,600 


* * * 


* * -■;. 


956,930 * * * 


* * * 


* * t- 


215,000 


215,000 95,000 


95,000 


36,000 


1,381,000 


1,478,000 429,000 


561,000 


197,000 


451 


213 48 


78 


62 


251 


* * * 13 


38 


* :|.- * 


24 


766 2 


1 


13 


* * * 


* * * 143 


* * * 


* * * 


493 


115 * * * 


55 


65 


3 


59 * * * 


* * * 


* * ;■; 


* * * 


8 *.-!:* 


* * * 


■ * =1: * 


23,000 


42,846 2,000 


3,000 


150 


107,853 


^ ^ ^: J}; ^ ^ 


♦ * ^: 


* * * 


30 


43 * * * 


* * * 


* 'K ♦ 


.IRY AND FOOD 


DEPARTMENTS AS FOLLOWS: 






NEY, Dairy and Food Ccmn 


issioner and PROF. M. MORTENSEN, Iowa State College, Iowa. 


GEO. E. HOGUE. Directo 


■ of Dairy Bureau, New York. 


ry Expert, SoutK Dakota. 


W. H. FELUHR, Dairy Cotnmissioner, Montana. 







FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Seventeen 



The Douhle-Profit System of D a i r y i n 




DUCHESS SKYLARK UKllSBY 
World's greatest dairy cow. Champion of all breeds; a Hol- 
stein cow of M?iTinesota: 55S.10 lbs. milk; 34. D6 lbs. butterfat, 7 
days; 27.761,50 lbs. milk; 1.506.36 lbs. butterfat. 365 days. 



Her owner writes to FARM, STOCK & HOME: 
"We are very much impressed these days with the 
need of intelUgent use of dairy products, with ref- 
erence to their food value as compared with other 
sources of food. The practical phase of this with 
the farmer is to develop his resources, especially 
his dairy cattle, to their greatest production, and 
see to it that those cows are developed which will 
give a profitable return for feed consumed. We ap- 
preciate the interest your paper has taken to these 
ends and we believe that the good work you are 
doing will be of permanent value in educating and 
directing the work along dairy lines." 
Sincerely yours, 

JOHN B. IRWIN. 



Pure Bred Live Stock in the Northwest 

A beautiful little bull calf, six months old, a Hol- 
stein aristocrat, sold at auction for $106,000.00 in 
Wisconsin in 1918. His half brother, two years 
old, sold in May, 1919, for $125,000.00. 

These events, and the record above of the great- 
est dairy cow in world's history, are examples of 
the character of pure-bred dairy cattle in the 
FARM, STOCK & HOME group. This wonderful 
animal was a Minnesota cow, of Minnesota parent- 
age and ancestry. 

At Schroeder Farms, Moorhead, Minn., right on 
the Dakota line, an auction sale of 75 pure-bred 
cattle was held by the Minnesota Holstein Breed- 
ers' Association, June 12, 1919. The average price 
received was $2,895, which leads any other state 
sale anywhere by $450. One Minnesota bred cow, 
Jenny Wren Pietertje, shown herewith, was sold 
for $10,100 to a Waukesha county, Wisconsin firm, 
which also paid $10,000 for another cow. Still an- 
other Minnesota cow also brought $10,000. A Wis- 
consin and Minnesota partnership paid $65,000 for 
.Sir Pietertje Ormsby Mercedes 41st, a Minnesota 
bull of such conformation, blood lines and perform- 
ance as is rarely surpassed in this country. This 
is the highest price ever received in the state, and 




JEXXY WREN PIETERTJE 
A Minnesota bred Holstein cow that sold for $10,100 at auction 
to a Wisconsin firm at the Moorhead, Minn., sale, June 12, 
1919. 

it is said there have been but two higher in this 
country. Even Wisconsin, therefore, is coming to 
Minnesota and pajdng these enormous prices for 
choice pure-bred breeding stock. 

As a pure-bred cattle region the FARM, STOCK 
& HOME group is already in the front rank. It 
produces some of the finest breeding stock in the 
world. It is impossible to estimate its total value. 

One can easily see how much greater is the value 
of Duchess Skylark Ormsby, producing 27,761.5 
pounds of milk, compared Avith the average cow of 
the United States producing about 4,000 pounds, 
or of Minnesota, 4,275 pounds a year. 

Compare her value also with that of the 1,000 
pound steer cited in Armour & Company's pub- 
licity, which sold in Chicago for $160, yielding only 
565 pounds of dressed beef, worth $141.25, after 
removing hide, hoofs and inedible parts. He had 
to be fed two years and then slaughtered before 
the farmer cashed in. This cow, however, produced 
1,506.36 pounds of pure butterfat in one year and 
will leave the impress of her ability on all her 
progeny. 

Another Minnesota cow, Jean Duluth Beauty, 
shown herewith, is world champion Red Polled cow, 
Yearly record 20,280.6 pounds of milk, 891.56 pounds 
of butterfat. Read her owner's letter to FARM, 
STOCK & HOME on the opposite page. 

Even with hundreds of breeders raising breeding 
stock, the demand in the Northwest has exceeded 
the supply for years. The industry is growing so 
fast that nobody seems able to keep up with an 
estimate of its progress. 

For years FARM, STOCK & HOME preached 
the gospel of better livestock. Today the North- 
western dairyman has before him so rfiany examples 
of good breeding that he does not need to be told 
of its value. He buys it about as fast as he can 
raise the money to invest. All the dairy breeds are 
represented — Flolstein, Guernsev, Jersey, Ayrshire, 
Red Polled, Brown Swiss, Dutch Belted, and Milk- 
insJ' .Shorthorn. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Eighteen 



Th 



D 



o u 



hle-Profit 



S 



y s t e m of Dairying 




SIR PIETERTJE ORMSBY MERCEDES 41ST 
A Minnesota bred Holsteir bull that sold for $6S,000 at auc- 
tion to a Wisconsin and Minnesota partnership at the Moor- 
head. Minn., sale. .June 12. 1919. 

The Northwest Leads in Conv Testing, 
Associations 

The cow testing associations are demonstrating 
the value of pure-bred stock and FARM, STOCK 
& HOME is bending every effort to assist this 
movement by giving wide distribvition to the results 
of their work in its territory. 

The Northwest is already in the front rank as to 
these associations. In 1918 the United States had 
353, with 9,778 members milking 168,348 cows. Wis- 
consin lead the country with 82, Iowa had 30 and 
Minnesota 26. They originated in Denmark in, 1895 
and in this country in 1906. 

According to Prof. W. A. McKerrow, leader of 
the government's dairy extension work in Minne- 
sota, records in Denmark show that they increased 
the average butterfat production in twenty years 
from 120 to 200 pounds, and are one of the indus- 
try's best assets. They establish business efficiency 
by giving an accurate record of each cow's perform- 
ance at the pail. 

One good effect is the weeding out of unprofitable 
"boarder" cows. The testers found on many farms 
that 20 per cent of the cows produced less than the 
value of their feed, and some other cows that made 
up the loss. These facts could be found out only 
by testing each cow. 

Another result is better feeding methods. Minne- 
sota records show increases in value of product of 
$8, with increased feeding costs of only $2. Thev 
also show that a fairly good cow will make a profit 
with certain feeding combinations which can be 
proven to be profitable only by testing, but not in 
the old haphazard way. They also prove the profits 
gained by good management, convenient, well- 
equipped and comfortable barns, good ventilation, 
heat and light. 

The tester is well worth while if only to test 
separators. In Minnesota over 60 per cent were 




JEAN DULUTH BEAUTY 

World's champion Red Polled cow. A Minnesota cow. yearly 

record: 20.2S0.6 lbs. milk, S91.56 lbs. butterfat. Owned D\ .Jean 

DuLuth Farm. NMckerson. Minn.. George P. Grout, managing 

ow^ner. 



Her owner writes thus: "Farm, Stock & Home 
has been a welcome visitor in our home since my 
early boyhood, but at no time has it been more 
eagerly sought than now. We have followed with 
intense interest the stand your splendid paper has 
taken in the 'Preparedness Pro,!jram' and have noted 
the valuable counsel and efficient assistance you 
have given the farmers of the Northwest at this 
time of our Nation's great need. Because of the 
practical nature of the articles published each issue 
for years, you have secured the ear of the farmer, 
which has enabled you to do a world of good. You 
will continue to exert a wonderful influence so long 
as you maintain the high standard you have set in 
your articles. The fact that such a worthy maga- 
zine as the Literary Digest makes frequent favor- 
able mention of your reading matter, should bespeak 
its worth in no uncertain terms. As a farm paper 
we would not know what to do without F. S. & H. 
— Yours very truly, Geo. P. Grout, Managing Owner 
of Jean DuLuth Farm." 



found to be doing a poor job through fault of the 
operator — too slow turning, lack of cleanliness, 
wobbly bowls, needed repairs or replacements. All 
the standard makes were found to be making good, 
if properh^ handled. 

Minnesota Has Healthiest Herds 

Prof. McKerrow also states that buyers all over 
the country are coming to Minnesota for breeding 
stock because less tuberculosis exists among its 
cattle than in any other intensive dairy state. 

The Minnesota Livestock Board has always taken 
the greatest precautions against it. When the 
government established a system of federal accred- 
ited herds, Minnesota was the first state to take 
up the work. It leads all others on the accredited 
"tuberculosis-free" list. In 1898, out of 27,216 
cattle tested. 9.4% reacted. In 1918, only 2.4% of 
those tested reacted. In the following six months 
the percentage was less. Suspected cattle killed at 
the South St. Paul market showed only 1.9% infec- 
tion. Other markets showed 3.8.% 



■ = ■■ m 

FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Nineteen 



Th 



D 



o u 



hle-Profit System of Dairying 



The Present and Future Demand 



There are two reasons why the future never 
looked brighter for these dairy states that have 
entrenched themselves behind the Double-Profit 
System. High prices for dairy products will con- 
tinue for years to come because the world demand 
is tremendous. Thev are the best equipped to sup- 
ply it. 

The Demand at Home 

Before the war the United States had 22.3 cows 
per hundred people. In 1918 the ratio was 22.1. 
Dairy cows increased 13.7% since. 1910 and popula- 
tion 14.3%.. It is plain that a much greater in- 
crease must be made to keep pace even with the 
demand here. 

The United States Government started a cam- 
paign in 1918 to show the food value of dairy prod- 
ucts and increase their consumption. The National 
Dairy Council has been doing the same thing by 
advertising. National prohibition is reported to be 
increasing the demand everywhere for milk and ice 
cream. All over the country, buildings in good 
locations that were used as retail liquor establish- 
ments are being turned into ice cream and soft 
drink parlors, with a corresponding increase in ice 
cream liictories and production. 

Enormous Increase of Exports 

This country has increased its exports and de- 
creased its imports of dairy products enormously 
since 1914. Butter exports were seven times, 
cheese exports twenty-seven times, condensed milk 
fifteen times, the pre-war figures in the year ending 
June 30, 1917. Table No. 10, furnished by the 
United States Dairy Division, shows the totals and 
comparisons for six vears, 710,000,000 pounds im- 
ported in 1914; 1,930,000,000 pounds exported in 
1918. 

The Demand Abroad 

Carl Vrooman, Assistant Secretary of Agricul- 
ture, says : "Dairy herds of the Old World are 



TABLE NO. 10 

U. S. BALANCE OF TRADE IN DAIRY PRODUCTS 

All dairy products are figured in terms of milk. 

Imports 

1913 375,000,000 pounds 

1914 710,000,00) pounds 

Exports 

1915 210,000,000 pounds 

1916 750,000,000 pounds 

1917 1,475,000,000 pounds 

1918* 1,930,000,000 pounds 

^Estim ated. 

depleted to an appalling degree. There is not a 
country in Europe where people have enough dairy 
products, and this process of depletion has made 
a demand ten-fold greater than the supply. Europe 
comes to us with outstretched hands and says : "We 
must have milk ; give us butter, give us cheese, give 
us dairy cattle to build up our dairv herds again." 

A letter to FARM, STOCK & HOME from the 
Food Administration as to the dairy situation in 
Europe on May 7, 1919, says : 

"It is known from reports of representatives now 
in Europe that there are insufficient meats and 
fats in Europe to supply their needs. Due to exist- 
ing conditions, it is impossible to measure their 
needs statistically. According to the Allied Relief 
Association, the need applies more to fats and simi- 
lar foods rather than to proteins. The herds of 
cattle in most of Europe have been reduced some- 
what below normal, but there are no figures avail- 
able showing the proportion that are dairy cattle. 
In most of the European countries, however, the 
majority are dairy cattle. It is probable that in 
the reduction of cattle a greater percentage of meat 
animals have been slaughtered than dairy cattle. 
The enclosed table gives the latest and most com- 
plete information which we have on the changes of 
number of cattle in Europe." — Edwin F. Gaj^ Di- 
rector, Central Bureau of Planning and Statistics, 
Washington, D. C. 



TABLE NO. 11 
NUMBER OF LIVE CATTLE ON HAND BEFORE AND AFTER THE OUTBREAK OF 



Before the War 

Country Date Number 

Belgium 1913 1,849,000 

France 1913 14,788,000 

Italy 1914 6,646,000 

Roumania 1911 2.667,000 

Denmark 1914 2,463,000 

Netherlands 1913 2.097,000 

Norway 1914 1,146,000 

Sweden 1913 2,721,000 

Switzerland 1911 1,443,000 

Spain 1913 2.879.000 

United Kingdom 1914 12,145,000 

Germany* 1913 20,443,827 

* Without Alsace-Loraine. 

Total 71,287,827 

Net change 



Latest Date 
Date Number 
400,000 
12,443,000 
5,400,000 
1,050,000 
2,142,000 
2,301,000 
1,119,000 
3,020,000 
1,616,000 
3,071,000 
12,311,000 
17,226,855 



1918 
1917 
1918 
1917 
1918 
1917 
1916 
1917 
1916 
1916 
1918 
1918 



WAR IN EUROPE 

Change 
Decrease Increase 

1,449,000 

2,345,000 

1,246,000 

1,617,000 

321,000 



62,099,855 



27,000 



3,216,972 



10,221,972 
9,187,972 



204,000 

299,666 
173,000 
192,000 
166,000 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page T-wenty 



Th 



D 



o u 



h I 



Profit S y s t 



e m 



of D 



a I r y I n 



WKere tKe World's Supplies Must Come From 



So much for the demand. Where is the increased 
supply to come from? This survey proves that the 
FARM, STOCK & HOME group is the logical 
place to look to for greater production than ever. 
It is already the best able to supply present de- 
mands. It is the natural dairy region of America. 

Dairying on the Cut-Over Lands 

In their cut-over timber lands, Minnesota and 
Wisconsin have the finest natural but undeveloped 
dairy region in the country. Clover grovi^s here like 
a weed. Corn acreage is advancing northward 
every year and corn can now be grown an)'-where 
for ensilaoe. There are thousands of lakes and 



running streams. Settlers here find that cows and 
dairying solve their problems better than any other 
system. Both states have plans for helping them 
with road building and land clearing. A large new 
dairy development is at hand. Markets are nearby, 
because consumer population in the mining dis- 
tricts north of Duluth and Superior has multiplied 
more rapidly than the farming development. 

Besides these lands, the great plains and valleys 
of the Dakotas, and of Montana east of the Rockies, 
are about the only unoccupied pioneer farming 
country left in the United States. Thej^ oft'er a fine 
field for dairy expansion as shown below. 



TABLE MO. 12 



INCREASE IN NUMBER OF FARMS SINCE 1909 
Estimates furnished by U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

Crop Acreage 



Compare these States with those in opposite column: 

Crop Acreage 



MINN. Increased 863 Farms 

WIS. Increased 4,873 Farms 

N. DAK. Increased 20,640 Farms 

S. DAK. Increased 18,356 Farms 

MONT. Increased 9,786 Farms 



Increased 
1,271,563 Acres 
770,920 Acres 
2,409,244 Acres 
3,618,228 Acres 
2,996,887 Acres 



Iowa Decreased 2,044 Farms 

New York, No increase. 

Ohio Decreased 2,045 Farms 

Pennsylv'a. Decreased... 1,295 Farms 

Illinois Decreased 6,872 Farms 

Indiana, No Increase . . . 



Increased 

1,238,075 Acres 

121,269 Acres 

30,390 Acres 

550,438 Acres 

1,453,084 Acres 

1,432,605 Acres 



MAP NO. 7— IMPROVED LAND IN THE U. S 




Shaded portions show extent, not the location, of 
improved lands. — Courtesy DuPont Magazine. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Twenty-one 




Q. itj ^ ko 



Page Twenty Uvo 



Th 



D 



o u 



h I 



Profit S y s t 



e m 



of D a i r y I n 



MercKandisin^ Opportunities 



A complete survey of the farm market and demand for ^ood merchandise in the 
Northwest has been made by the Service Department of FARM, STOCK and HOME, 

It reveals some wonderful opportunities for manufacturers. Hundreds of our 
readers have told w^hat equipment they have — what merchandise they are buying, — w^hat 
their plans are for the future. A typical example is show^n below^. 

The facts can only be briefly outlined in this booklet. Our advertising repre- 
sentatives will gladly g,ive you further details. You are invited to ask for this service 
w^hich is free. 

A lar^e amount of dairy statistical data has also been collected in preparing, this 
booklet. It is available to anyone asking, for it. 



TKe Dairyman as a Ready Buyer of Good MercKandise 



Perhaps the best way to picture the double-profit 
dairy farmer as a customer for all kinds of quality 
goods is to give a typical example, chosen from the 
survey, because it represents an average dairyman 
in the FARM, STOCK & HOME group. It shows 
the type of farmer who reads the paper and also 
the wide variety of merchandise he buys. He writes : 

Farm — Owns his own, 480 acres worth $50 an 
acre, or $24,000. 

Home — Frame dwelling 26x30, hardwood floors — 
has pump with engine and pressure tank, cistern 
and bath room. Planning hot water heat in 1919. 

Home Furnishings — Has phonograph, guitar, 
typewriter, engine-driven washing machine. Buys 
Ivory soap by box. 

Clothing — Buys made-to-order suits. 

Magazines— Takes FARM, STOCK & HOME, 
Successful Farming, Farm & Fireside, Literary 
Digest, Non-Partisan Leader, Shorthorn World, 
two dailies and three country weeklies. 

Co-operative Concerns — Member Co-operative 
Creamery and Farmers' Co-operative Elevator Co. 

Business Man — Keeps a record of farm accounts. 

Other Buildings— Barn 28x48 and 16x48, with 60- 
ton hay mow and lightning rods ; a 6,000-bushel 
granary with power grain cleaner; a 16x18 hog 
house ; a 14x20 poultry house. 



—Steel gates; woven wire fencing. 

-LTses 10 gallons paint a 3'ear. Paints 



Fences- 
Paints— 

buildings ever}^ two years ; also wagons and drills. 
Buys shingles. 

Livestock — One Shorthorn bull, 10 milch cows, 
14 horses, 5 hogs, 50 chickens. 

Farm Power — Automobile, tractor with individ- 
ual thresher, grinding engine, pumping engine. 
Planning for electric power in 1919. 

Mail Order Buying— About $150 to $300 a year. 

Machinery and Equipment — Wagon, grain tank, 
gang and sulky plows, manure spreader, grain drill, 
disc harrow, soil packer, binder, thresher, mower, 
hay rake, cream separator, feed grinder, silo filler, 
corn harvester, cultivator, planter, tank heater, seed 
corn tester, 10 sets harness. 

Planning to Get in 1919 — New machine shed; silo, 
incubator, rural telephone, electric power, hot water 
heat. 

Expresses need for — Better buildings, better 
roads, better markets, a livestock shipping associa- 
tion. 

Adds this remark: "FARM, STOCK & HOME 
is doing splendid work. I consider it 100% efficient, 
giving splendid service, and I, for one, appreciate 
it. In a few years hence grain raising will be a 
side issue here, as people are going into livestock 
rapidly. The more livestock you preach the better 
for us all." 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Twenty-three - 



MAP No. 9 




KOOCHICHING 



ST. LOUIS 

I O^cl Duluth) 




MINNESOTA 

Autos and Trucks 

Jan. 10, 7579 

(not Motorcycles) 
Population per Car- 1Z 
Total Cars - 20'^.GG5 



Key to Map 

Population per 
Car Shown Thus - S 

Autos and Trucks - 3.3 5(> 
No. OF Farms (1910J - ?./39 

Population Figured from I^/Q 
c£ns(/s buf?eau estimates . 



\yrLWn MLDICINE 
I £■-*, 
j ;, e-^o 

Wncol^Ty'on I 

\ 7\ S W 

I i,-*07 :. 

j I.304 \ 

Np£ pi 
1 STONE. I 

\RdcK Jnobles Tjack&on 'Xmartin 

I « j ^ j 7 £ 

I.20S j i,ai9 I i.9oe, i z isi 



•,37* \ I.S^ST \ 

\FARIBAULT \FRCCB6rn" \ f^p^y^fj 

i -^ i ^ \ 

I 3.3S6 2.&'i3 I 2.SZ'f 






These CounriEs 
Have Towns of" 
/Oooo Off MoffE 
BLUE EARTH 
HENNEPIN 
RAM5E r 
STEARNS 
ST LOUIS 
WASHINGTON 
WINONA 



CREAMERIES CREATE AUTOMOBILE SALES 

Compare with map No. 4, "Cows and Creameries in Minnesota" and with Table No. 14 on theopposite pafee. All of the Creamery 
„ _, Counties are the great automobile buying counties. Copies of these maps furnished Free. 



Page Twenty-fou 



Th 



D 



o u 



h I 



Profit System of Dairying 



MercKandisin^ 



AUTOMOBILES 
Our Automobile Survey sent free on request. 

The influence of this dairying system on automobile 
sales is strikingly shown by the map on the opposite 
page and on page 22, The United States had one auto- 
mobile to every 18 people in January, 1919, and the 
FARM, STOCK & HOME Group had one to every ten 
people. The only other group of states that compares 
with this high percentage of car ownership is Nebraska, 
Iowa and Kansas. 

Farmers Own the Most Cars 

Careful surveys in Minnesota show that at least SS% 
of all cars are owned by farmers. This estimate is borne 
out by the map of Minnesota showing the car registra- 
tion by counties, on the opposite page. The line drawn 
on the map from Chisago County on the east ,to Polk 
County in the northwest, divides the highly developed 
dairy districts of the southern half from the rich lumber- 
ing, iron mining and undeveloped dairy districts of the 
northern half. Compared with Map No. 4, "Cows and 
Creameries in Minnesota," on page 10, it shows conclu- 
sively that the counties where creameries are best de- 
veloped have also the highest car registrations per capita. 
It is also shown by Table No. 13, below. 
Our Automobile Survey 
FARM, STOCK & HOME has made a survey which 
proves that the paper has actually influenced the sales 
of cars to its readers during the past seven years. It 
shows the advertising lineage carried and the number of 
cars owned by its readers in representative Minnesota 
counties, and will be sent free on request. 



Opportunities 

The growth of this industry in the FARM, STOCK & 
HOME Group is shown by Table No. 14, below. 
TIRES 

The farmer does not have the benefit, in many cases, 
of paved roads, but must take what lies before him. 
This makes his tire consumption higher than that of 
town people, who drive on paved streets or on good 
roads near to town. Naturally he is a large buyer of 
tires, and a close student of tire advertising to find out 
the best one for his purpose. A survey of FARM, 
STOCK & HOME readers shows the following: 
TIRE INVESTIGATION 

Number of Subscribers Reporting 178 

Influenced by Tire Advertising in farm papers 76.3 

Buy Tires from Mail Order Houses 23.6 

Buy Tires from Hardware Dealer 17.9 

Buy Tires from Garage 58.5 

It is surprising how closely the percentage of mail 
order tire buyers checks with the percentage who say 
they are not influenced by tire advertising. On the basis 
of FARM, STOCK & HOME's 52,678 automobile owners, 
as shown by a recent survey, we have 40,193 tire cus- 
tomers who state they buy those advertised in farm 
papers. On a low average of only two casings and one 
tube a year per owner, we have to offer tire manufac- 
turers a possible market for 80,386 tires and 40,193 inner 
tubes: which, on a conservative estimate, gives an annua! 
retail value of over $2,000,000. 

These figures do not take into account at all the mail 
order buyers, a certain percentage of whom are possible 
prospects for standard made tires. 



TABLE NO. 13 
AUTOMOBILE REGISTRATIONS IN ALL THE MINNESOTA TOWNS OF 5,000 to 20,000 INHABITANTS, 
SHOWING TO WHAT EXTENT DAIRYING ENABLES FARMERS TO BUY CARS 
Notice how Car Ownership in the Creamery Counties exceeds that of the other counties. 

Population Creameries No. Cars, Industry 

Town 1910 County in County 1917 of County 

Bemidii 5,099 Beltrami 4 391 Lumbering-Mining 

New Ulm 5,648 Brown 12 771 Farming only 

Owatonna 5,658 Steele 24 1,039 Rich Dairy Farming 

Little Falls 6,078 Morrison 18 513 Lumbering-Dairying 

Albert Lea 6,192 Freeborn 26 1,069 Rich Dairy Farming 

Fergus Falls 6,887 Ottertail 28 839 Good Farming 

Austin 6,960 Mower 13 829 Good Farming 

Eveleth 7,036 St. Louis 9 226 Mining-Lumbering 

Crookston 7,599 Polk 20 627 Good Farming 

Rochester 7.844 Olmsted 10 1,142 Good Farming 

Brainerd 8,526 Crow Wing 5 544 Lumbering-Mining 

Hibbing 8,832 St. Louis 9 580 Minine-Lumbering 

Faribault 9,001 Rice 13 871 Fine Farming 

Red Wing 9,048 Goodhue 13 652 Small Farming Area 

Stillwater 10,198 Washington 6 572 Small Farming Area 

Mankato 10,365 Blue Earth 18 1,326 Rich Farming 

Virginia 10,473 St. Louis 9 558 Mining-Lumbering 

St. Cloud 10,600 Stearns 29 1,077 Good Farming 

Winona 18,583 Winona 20 1,047 Good Farming 



TABLE NO. 14 
REGISTRATION OF CARS AND TRUCKS FOR SEVEN YEARS 

1912 1913 1914 1915 

Minnesota 29,000 37,800 67,365 91,829 

Iowa 47,188 70,294 106,087 139,808 

Wisconsin 24,578 34,646 53,180 81,371 

North Dakota 8,975 12,968 17,34« 24,678 

South Dakota 14,481 14,578 20,080 29,336 

Montana 2,000 5,686 10,706 14,520 



1916 


1917 


1918 


137,500 


191,500 


201,127 


172,791 


278,213 


327,500 


117,603 


164,531 


196,844 


41,761 


62,993 


70,531 


44,271 


67,159 


84,003 


24,585 


41,896 


50,125 



F ARM , ST OC K and H OME is the P ap er That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Twenty-five 



Th 



D 



o u 



hle-Prof 



I t 



Sy 



stem 



of D a i r y I n 



MercKandising, Opportunities 



ACCESSORIES 

The farmer is a larger buyer 
of accessories than the city man, 
because he is farther removed 
from garage service. His busi- 
ness also demands more me- 
chanical skill than that of the 
average city man. Often he is 
a skilled mechanic, accustomed 
to taking care of his own ma- 
chinery and automobile instead 
of depending upon others. Minor 
repairs are nearly all attended 
to on the farm. This dairy 
region offers a great opportu- 
nity for the accessory manufac- 
turer. 
FORD CAR ACCESSORIES 

Minnesota had 96,750 Ford 
cars in January, 1919; Wiscon- 
sin, 95,492; lovi'a, 139,970; North 
Dakota, 37,053; South Dakota, 
41,664; Montana, 24,646, a total 
of 435,575, as shown bj' the map 
on page 23. 

GASOLINE ENGINES AND FARM POWER 
Our Farm Power Survey Sent Free on Request. 

Hardly a dairy farm in this region is without a gaso- 
line engine. But the demand for more engines and better 
ones is constant. F.very year new engines are bought to 
replace old ones. The demand for these small, compact 
power units grows as dairy herds increase. Many farm- 
ers use two or three, in various locations, in the home, 
milk house, barn or barnyard. They saw wood, pump 
water, hoist hay and grain, wash clothes, grind feed and 
run dynamos, milking machines and cream separators, 
doing all sorts of odd jobs too small for tractor belt 
work. They create a demand, too, for all sorts of auxili- 
ary power equipment. 

Farms in the Northwest Are Large 

The average sized dairy farm is said to be about 170 
acres and is extensively as well as intensively cultivated. 
In Minnesota, however, the average size of all farms is 
177.3 acres. North Dakota 382.3, South Dakota, 335.1, 
Montana 516.7. The average for all farms in the United 
States is 138.1 acres. Minnesota had in 1910, 111,919 
farms of more than 100 acres, North Dakota 72,474, South 
Dakota 73,309, Montana 23,243. 

FARM, STOCK & HOME has cultivated the Farm 
Power idea, with the first Farm Power Department 
started in any general farm paper and giving continuous 
service since 1910. It offers the manufacturer a power 
tilled field for his advertising seed. 

MOTOR TRUCKS 
Our Motor Truck Articles Sent Free on Request. 

Hauling is one of the great problems on dairy farms. 
Milk and cream must be hauled to creamery, cheese fac- 
tory, milk station, condensary or to town, one to ten 
miles away, usually by team and wagon, often with two 
men, and the round trip made daily. 

Goods roads everywhere are coming in Minnesota. The 
state is preparing to build nearly 7,000 miles of hard paved 
highways. With this comes a larger demand for motor 
trucks from dairymen, the class of farmers best able to 
buy them, to cut out the slow and expensive hauling hy 
team. 

.Already co-operative motor truck companies are form- 
ing, to handle farm freight traffic. The lesson of the 



ADVANTAGES OF DOUBLE- 
PROFIT DAIRYING 

Restores the fertility of the soil. 

Utilizes unsalable roughage. 

Makes waste lands productive. 

Supplies steady employment for 
labor. 

Affords a ready-cash market. 

Furnishes a monthly cash income. 

Creates a demand for good mer- 
chandise. 

Gives farmers the money to buy 
quality goods. 



economy and necessit}' for 
trucks was driven home by the 
war, when thousands of farmers 
suffered losses through lack of 
cars and shipping facilities. 
TRACTORS 
Our Farm Power Survey Sent 
Free on Request. 

The FARM» STOCK & HOME 
group has always been known 
as the greatest tractor market 
and Mineapolis as the heart of 
the industry. It still offers un- 
limited possibilities for tractor 
sales. The survey shows that 
diversified and dairy farms are 
using tractors about as exten- 
sively as grain farms. Moder- 
ate sized tractors fit into the 
power plan of the dairy farm to 
good advantage and give a serv- 
ice which nothing else supplies. 
Dairymen Are Power Farmers 
The dairyman is also the type 
of farmer who is first to motor- 
ize his farm. It helps to solve one of his greatest prob- 
lems — labor. ^lodern forms of fann power appeal to 
him because, besides field work, tractors have more belt 
work to do on dairy farms. The U. S. Department of 
Agriculture says; 

"The average value of implements and machinery on 
dairy farms was materially greater (1910) than on all 
farms, or on any other group of farms with large average 
area." 

CREAMERY SUPPLIES 
Since the dair3'men own their own creameries and 
manage them as directors, they influence the buying also 
of creamery supplies and machinery. Milk cans and dairj' 
supplies are often distributed through creameries instead 
of through stores. While creamery journals are useful 
to reach the buttermaker, FARM, STOCK & HOME 
reaches the stockholders and directors who really decide 
what is to be bought. 

MANURE AND STRAW SPREADERS, LITTER 

CARRIERS 
The two valuable by-products of dairying, fertilizer 
and straw, can be utilized in onlj' one way. They have 
no value unless they are spread on the soil to renew its 
fertility. Dairy farmers constantly enrich their fields in 
this way. An intetisive dairy region is therefore an 
extensive spreader and litter carrier market. Some inter- 
esting evidence of FARM, STOCK & HOME'S ability 
to produce spreader sales will be sent free on request. 
COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 
Very little except natural fertilizer is used now on 
Northwestern farms, but there comes a time when farm 
lands, however fertile, require the additional quickening 
impulse of some kind of commercial fertilizer. This 
applies particularly to lands that have advanced in value 
to $100 an acre or more, as they have in nearly all of 
the well developed dairy counties of southern and central 
Minnesota, Wisconsin and South Dakota. Here lies 
another latent opportunity that manufacturers should 
realize. Educational advertising" would develop good busi- 
ness in a few years. 

INDIVIDUAL THRESHERS 
Power on the farm and increased wheal; growing has 
made a large demand for individual separators, small 



FARM. STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers 

Page Tzveuty-six 



>v e amevies 



Th 



Douhle-Profit System of D a i r y i n 



MercKandisin^ Opportunities 



enough to be run by moderate 
sized tractors. This demand 
will increase as tractors are 
more widely distributed and as 
long as wheat prices continue 
to be as attractive as in 1918 
and 1919. 

BUILDING MATERIALS 

Our Building Survey Sent 
Free on Request. 

The Dairyman is the master 
builder. Good buildings are aia 
absolute necessity, especially in 
the cold climate of the FARM, 
STOCK & HOME group. Dairy 
cattle cannot be housed in 
straw sheds or left to shift for 
themselves. They must have 
good shelter, must be milked 
twice daily and kept clean, con- 
tented, well fed and well wa- 
tered. 

The dairy barn is the dairy- 
man's factory. He spends more 
time in his place of work than 
the average business man. He wants his own surround- 
ings pleasant, so he lavishes his wealth on his buildings. 
They must be warm, dry, comfortable, convenient, well 
lighted and well ventilated. The floors are often of con- 
crete, the materials of the best. The survey shows that 
more than 50% of the subscribers are preparing to 
improve by building new houses, barns, hog- and poultry 
houses, sheep pens, garages, additions, concrete floors, 
and adding heating plants, silos, water supply and electric 
lighting systems. 

A tremendous market for all kinds of building ma- 
terials, cement, lumber, insulation, roofing, shingles and 
fencing only awaits advertising development. The U. S. 
Department of Agriculture says: 

"The average investment for dairy farms was materially 
higher (1910) than for all farms. The buildings on dairy 
farms had an average value per farm nearly double that 
for all farms." 

OTHER BUILDINGS 

Dairy products must be cleanly handled. So milk 
houses, apart from the barns, are a necessity as well as 
separate bull barns, calf barns, machine sheds, poultry 
houses, and hog houses. Tenant hovises are being built 
to keep married hired-help contented. The survey shows 
how many of each kind of buildings are being planned. 

PAINTS 

It follows that dairymen are great paint users. They 
take pride in the good appearance of their buildings. The 
survey shows the average amount of paint used yearly 
and also that subscribers repaint their buildings on an 
average of every five years, creating a large demand in 
addition to that made by new buildings. 

HEATING PLANTS 

Manufacturers who use FARM, STOCK & HOME to 
advertise improved heating systems are going to reap a 
harvest. Subscribers say they are planning to buy them 
freely. Heating is an aboslute necessity in the North- 
west, a problem that receives serious consideration. 

CEMENT MIXERS 

Increased building brings a demand for a small, mod- 
erate priced batch mixer, large enough to mix concrete 
for walks, floors, foundations, feeding platforms, footings 



HUMAN FOOD PRODUCED BY FARM 


ANIMALS FROM 100 POUNDS OF 


DIGESTIBLE MATTER CONSUMED: 


By Jordan 






Marketable 


Edible Solids 




Product, 


Produced, 




Pounds 


Pounds 


Cow (milk) 


. . 139.0 


18.0 


Pig (dressed) . . . 


. . . 25.0 


15.6 


Calf (dressed) .. 


. . . 36.5 


8.1 


Poultry (eggs) .. 


. . . 19.6 


5.1 


Poultry (dressed) 


15.6 


4.2 


Lamb (dressed) . 


9.6 


3.2 


Steer (dressed) .. 


8.3 


2.8 


Sheep (dressed) . 


7.0 


2.6 



and the ordinary jobs that one 
or two men can handle. 

HOUSES AND HOME 
FURNISHINGS 
Our Home Survey Sent Free 
on Request. 

John Andrews says: "Where 
there is a cow, there is a home." 
And since cows must be milked, 
dairj'men must be at home 
every day of the year. As the 
dairy herd grows, so does the 
home. The survey shows farm 
homes equipped far above the 
average city homes, with con- 
veniences of all kinds, power 
washers, vacuum cleaners, fire- 
less cookers, furnaces, bath- 
rooms, water supply and elec- 
tric systems, and many plan- 
ning to add to them. 
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 
Included in Home Survey. 
Pianos, player pianos, phono- 
graphs, and other musical in- 
struments are in good demand on dairy farms, because 
the work is confining and farmers must furnish their 
own amusements. Northwestern music dealers say that 
the3'' buy the very best grade of musical merchandise of 
all kinds and the surv.ej' shows a wide variety in use. 

FOOD PRODUCTS 

The Department of Agriculture has found by a survey* 
that about $447.92 worth of food is consumed annually 
by the average farm family of 4.8 persons. Of this, $261.76, 
or 58.4%, is furnished by the farm, while $186.16, or 
41.6%, is bought. The averages in the Northwestern 
states were about the same, so that this region offers a 
large opportunity for the food product manufacturer. 
Further information in detail will be furnished on re- 
quest. 

SOAP AND LYE . 

Farmers are buying trade-marked soaps in box lots, 
according to the answers received to the questionnaire, 
and yet many state, too, that they make soap at home 
for laundry purposes besides. The market for both soaps 
and soap making materials is therefore a large one. The 
names of the brands mentioned will be furnished free 
on request. 

KITCHEN UTENSILS 

The farm woman is her own housekeeper.^ She cares 
for her own utensils and dishes, takes pride in their 
cleanliness and convenience, and buys the very best. What 
a fine opportunity this affords makers of fine cutlery, 
silver and plated ware, aluminum goods and enameled 
ware. 

Kitchen Cabinets — Fireless Cookers — Canning Outfits 

The convenience of the kitchen cabinet and the fireless 
cooker appeals strongly to farm housewives and they 
are buying them readily. Yet manufacturers usually 
limit their advertising appeal to the town and city women 
who hire maids. 

No other class of housewives has such an abundance 
of fruits and vegetables to preserve by canning as the 
farmer's wife. Food conservation has been so thoroughly 



* Bulletin No. 410, "Value to Farm Families of Food." 
U. S. Department of Agriculture. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the P aper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Twenty-seven 



Th 



D 



o u 



h 1 



Profit System of Dairying 



MercKandisin^ Opportunities 



preached in FARM, STOCK & 
HOME the past three years 
that canning outfits are in good 
demand if well advertised. 
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 
Our Water Supply Survey Sent 
Free on Request. 
Perhaps nothing is so much 
desired by farm women as some- 
thing to lift from their shoul- 
ders the back-breaking burden 
of carrying water. FARM 
STOCK & HOME recently 
asked its women readers: "What 
Would You Do With $300.00?", 
and nearly every reply men- 
tioned "running water supply" 
as their greatest wish. The sur- 
vey shows a large demand for 
these systems. 

ELECTRIC LIGHTING 
SYSTEMS 

Our Electric Lighting Survey 
Sent Free on Request. 

A surprising number of sub- 
scribers (25%) say they are in 
the market already for electric 
lighting systems. The dairy 
farmer is the very easiest cus- 
tomer to sell, because his work, early and late, requires 
good light in barn and barnyard. Cows cannot be fed 
and milked nor milk handled safely in the dark or by 
lantern. The survey shows how many have gasoline, 
acetylene and electric systems and what the future de- 
mand is for each type. 

BARN EQUIPMENT 

Our Barn Equipment Survey Sent Free on Request. 

Dairy herds have outgrown the old equipment so fast 
that a large demand is shown for new stalls, stanchions, 
watering bowls, litter carriers, hay tools, water supply 
and ventilating systems, stock waterers, tank heaters, 
lightning rods, windows, cupolas and other barn acces- 
sories. 

BARN AND CREAMERY VENTILATING SYSTEMS 
Included in Building Survey. 

Every dairy barn and every creamery should have a 
ventilating system. Too many in the Northwest still 
do not have one, and the sales possibilities are large. 
One or two progressive manufacturers have entered the 
field ?nd advertised atractively and persistently. They 
have built up a good demand already. The increases of 
dairying- and creameries add still greater opportunities 
tor sales and service. 

CREAM SEPARATORS 

Our Cream Separator Survey Sent Free on Request. 

Minnesota has 157,000 farms in 1919, 135,000 dairy 
farm and only about 75,000 or 80,000 cream separators. 
Only 12 creameries take whole milk, while 619 of the 
841 creameries take separated cream only. There is still 
a large market open for new separators, on farms that 
have none. Besides this, the tests conducted by the 
Dairy Extension Division show a surprising- number of 
worn-out separators being used, which the cow-testers' 
work prove should be replaced. Educational advertising 
along this line should prove very profitable to separator 
manufacturers, in addition to creating new sales. Thou- 
sands of dairymen should be told that they need new 
machines. FARM, STOCK & HOME has always been 



BUTTER MAKING GIVES FARMERS 
THE MOST MONEY 




Butter Eggs Potatoes Chickens Milk 



Proportion of Retail Price Received By Pro- 
ducer. 

Each column represents 100% of the retail 
price of each commodity. The shaded portion 
represents the portion that the producer re- 
ceives. Thus, the farmer -who ships milk to 
Minneapolis receives 37%% of the retail price 
paid by consumers. The butter producer re- 
ceives the most, or 77%. — Investigations bv Prof. 
Weld, Univ. of Minn. 



a great favorite with separator 
advertisers. For the past five 
years it has carried the largest 
advertising lineage per issue for 
the principal manufacturers. 

SILOS AND ENSILAGE 
MACHINERY 

Our Silo Survey Sent Free on 
Request. 
The following comparisons 
show how dairy develoiynent 
has outgrown the silos in the 
FARM, STOCK & HOME 
group. In 1916 New York had 
42,846 silos, Wisconsin 55,992, 
Iowa 23,000. But Minnesota had 
only 16,000, North Dakota 2,000, 
South., Dakota 3,000, Montana 
150. Could any field be better 
prepared for silo advertising? 
While these states have been 
put in the corn belt, with corn 
production moving steadily 
northward, the corn crop is still 
subject to occasional frost dam- 
age, which makes it uncertain 
as a inatured crop. But silos 
save the frosted corn, insure 
against its loss and give to 
dairy cows its full value as rougha.ge. This lesson was 
brought home sharply in 1916 and 1917, when silo owners 
were able to save their crop from the corn failure, by 
turning it into ensilage. The survey shows that thou- 
sands of new silos are being planned and built. 

MILKING MACHINES 

The shortage of labor during the war taught dairymen 
also the lesson of these labor-saving machines. It gave 
the industry a great forward push. Many farmers who 
regarded them as too good to be true have found them 
practical. There is still much educational work to be 
done, however, to convince the majority of dairymen. 
The industry is passing through much the same develop- 
ment problem as the cream separator in early days. 
Farmers still have to be shown. The survc}- and the 
inquiries from advertising prove this. The latent interest 
is keen, the potential market is unlimited, the advertising 
opportunity is tremendous. 

CLOTHING 

Our Clothing Survey Sent Free on Request. 

Asked if they found it more economical to buy adver- 
tised clothing, of good quality, the response was almost 
unanimously: "Yes." Very few preferred cheaper grades 
and some wear tailor-made suits. Only a few manufac- 
turers of high-grade clothing- have apparently realized 
the possibilities of the farm market and have advertised 
to farmers persistently. 

SHOES 

Someone is going to get the cream of the work-shoe 
business some day by establishing a well known brand 
of farm work-shoes with persistent advertising. It has 
already been done for rubber boots and overshoes, but 
not for work-shoes. Someone, too, is going to reap a 
harvest by establishing a well known brand of high-grade 
shoes, suitable for farmers. The success of one or two 
general line shoe manufacturers that have used farm 
papers already proves the possibilities for other makers. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Twenty-eight 



Th 



D 



o u 



ble-Profit S y 



stem 



of D 



a I r y I n 



MercKandisin^ Opportunities 

POULTRY SUPPLIES opportuniti' for mail order merchandise and legitimate 

Our Poultry Survey Sent Free on Request. catalog houses. City department stores that solicit mail 

Hand in hand with dairying go hog and poultry raisin.g, orders can build up a fine business among farm people 

doing their share to turn by-products into meat, eggs of good taste who want better things than country stores 

and profits. Women on dairy farms are usually the can afford to carry. This is practically an undeveloped 

poultry owners. They buy incubators, brooders, feeders, opportunity. Detailed estimates from the survey will be 

waterers, and all kinds of poultry supplies, besides hatch- furnished free on request. 

ing eggs and pure-bred breeding stock. Our building DYNAMITE AND POWDER 
survey shows a large number interested in new chicken ^, . . . , , 
houses and hof houses. Three great opportunities exist for manufacturers of 
" ' explosives. The great Minnesota road building program 
HOG SUPPLIES jg one gf them. The state is preparing to spend $25,000, 
Our Swine Survey Sent Free on Request. gOO within the next ten years to build hard paved roads. 
Feeding troughs and tanks, self feeders, hog houses, -phe second lies in the undeveloped dairy regions of 
hog house windows, hog remedies and everything re- Minnesota and Wisconsin .shown on page 21. Here road 
quired to make pigs grow fat and happy, find a good building goes hand in hand with stump pulling and drain- 
market m dairy regions. The rapid increases of hogs ^g^ Thousands of acres of the richest dairy lands in 
in the Northwest shown on pages 12 and x3 indicate also America are now full of stumps that must either be 
a great increase m this demand. The present high prices pulled or blasted. Both states are encouraging immigra- 
will encourage a further growth of hog raising, which jj^^ ^^^ l^„j clearing and will do more of it in the 
lends itself easily to rapid expansion at such times. future. The settler is not to be left to do all the develop- 
STOCK FOODS AND REMEDIES ment work alone, on his own resources, but will be aided 
Dairy cattle require concentrated feeds not raised on financially. Thousands of rich acres also in Minnesota 
farms. Wheat bran has been the Northwestern dairy- are marshy and require drainage to put them under culti- 
man's standby. But its scarcity and price during the vation. . . , , . , 
war diverted his attention to other feeds. Prepared con- A third opportunity is for hunting and sporting-^ pur- 
centrates and balanced rations and their relative values Poses. Minnesota and Wisconsin have thousands of 
are being more seriously considered than ever. The man- acres of virgin forest, thousands of small streams and 
ufacturer that seizes this opportunity can cash in on this lakes and an abundance of fine game. Nearly every 
demand farmer is a sportsman, lives near to some woods, and 
FARM STOCK & HOME does not accept the adver- shoots deer, ducks, quail, partridges, prairie chickens and 
tising of' condimental stock foods and has always pro- rabbits. No region of America offers such an opportunity 
tected its readers against their exaggerated claims. It as this one for the sale of fire-arms and ammunition for 
admits only the legitimate feeds such as digester tank- sporting purposes. 

age, gluten feeds, alfalfa meal and any others that have SPORTING GOODS 

real feeding value and are not extravagantly advertised. „, , , , ^ , , , i. c u 

ifcensors also all stock remedy advertising, admitting The lakes and streams also make farmers great f^sh- 

only such as it believes to be reliable and honest. It ""^«- hardly a farm m these states is far removed 

has kept this field clean for the legitimate manufacturer, ^'^^P] ^"'"e fine lake or trout stream. Boa s and fishing 

to whom it offers an exceptional opportunity. tackle, row boat motors, power boats and all kmds of 

sporting goods may be profitably advertised to farmers. 
FENCES AND GATES This is a great opportunity very little appreciated by 
Good livestock must be confined and protected, so manufacturers in the past, but capable of unlimited de- 
woven wire fencing and steel gates find a ready sale velopment. 

wherever dairying flourishes. The increases in number -DAiir -c-ttdc! amti TDAUDTMr 

of farms and cutting up of ranches and cattle ranges in K^W FURS AND TRAPPING 

the FARM, STOCK & HOME group give manufacturers The Northwest has always been a great source of fur 

good markets also. The survey shows some good oppor- wealth and the Twin Cities one of the vvorld's greatest 

tunities. primary fur markets. Carlos Avery, Minnesota Game 

^.T^,, T,,T^T T,-,«-T,»T,T,o .»TT^ c. , T T, Ti T T T^ o 3 u d Fl s h C om iTi Is s 1 o u e r , f u r u 1 s h c s t H c f o Uo w 1 ug c s t ! Ill a t c s , 

FARM IMPLEMENTS AND SUPPLIES ^ numbers of which are trapped by farmers and 

Our Farm Equipment Survey Sent bree on Kequest. farm bovs" 

As the dairyman is a regular farmer, plus, so his farm ' ,^.,,,„„ . 

requires all the tillage tools and implements of an ordi- FUR PRODUCTION, MINNESOTA, 1918 

nary farm, plus many others. All established lines of Number Caught Value Total Value 

farm implements find their best markets in well developed Muskrat 800,000 $1.50 $1,200,000 

dairy districts, because a more diversified system of agri- Mink 25,000 7.50 187,500 

culture is practiced than where only a single crop is Fisher 1,000 25.00 25,000 

raised. All the farm processes are also more intensified Marten 500 10.00 5,000 

with deeper plowing, deeper tilling, more careful seed Fox, Red 2,500 10.00 25.000 

selection, weed eradication, and soil cultivation. Dairying Fox, Silver .... 50 150.00 7,500 

is. a complex business and requires a tremendous variety Fox, Cross 300 30.00 9,000 

of equipment. Raccoon 5,000 5.50 27,500 

MAIL ORDER BUYING Lynx 500 20.00 10,000 

The survey shows that the subscribers buy most of Bobcat 1,000 3.00 cn'nnn 

their merchandise from home town merchants, depending Skunk 100,000 6.50 650,000 

on mail orders for goods not to be had in town. The Weasel 100,000 1.00 100,000 

example on page 23 shows 5150 to $300 yearly mail order Bear 300 12.00 3,600 

buying and is fairly typical of the replies received. This Wolf 20,000 9.00 180,000 

shows comparatively little trade diverted from the re- . 

tailer, but also shows, in the aggregate, a tremendous 1,056,150 $2,433,100 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Twenty-nine 



Th 



Douhle-Profit System of Dairying 



The Men WKo Founded tKe Double-Profit System 



Dairying in Minnesota is a living monument to tlie 
foresight and energy of the two men who contributed most 
to its up-building, Prof. T. L. Haecker, "Father of the 
Co-operative Creameries," and the late Sidney M. Owen, 
their chief sponsor. 

The value of their share in its development is no longer 
a matter of opinion. It has been officially recognized, 
written into its history and both men highly honored by 
the state. 

A history prepared by the State University and dis- 
tributed as a bulletin* says that the real development be- 
gan in 1891, when Prof. Haecker came from Wisconsin 
to build it up. The same year Sidney M. Owen became 
a University Regent, a position he held at his death. For 
many years they both traveled all over the state, showing- 
farmers how to organize co-operative creameries and to 
establishing the industry. Mr. Owen's paper, FARM, 
STOCK & HOME, was their principal mouthpiece. Prof. 
Haecker was its dairy editor. The paper's history is so 
closely connected with that of the industry that one can 
not be considered without the other. 

First Paper to Advocate Dairying. 

Mr. Owen had established FARM, STOCK & HOME 
in 1884, just one 3'ear before the School of Agriculture and 
the State Dairy Department. In the very first issue he 
began to advocate dairying as follows: 

"The Northwestern farmer must raise less grain and go 
more into general farming. No soil, no climate, in the 
temperate zones of the earth, is better adapted. Less 
grain and more general produce, less grain and more 
stock; and to point out, to lead, or rather to let farmers 
themselves show how this is best accomplished is the mis- 
sion of FARM, STOCK & HOME." 

How the Farmers' Creameries Were Started. 

The history states: "On account of the important role 
played by Prof. Haecker in the development of the indus- 
try a few points of his life will be given. About 1890 the 
dairy industry entered upon a new stage in its develop- 
ment. From that time the production of butter in factories 
has increased enormously." 

"The State University Regents, acting on the recom- 
mendation that a competent man be secured to develop 
more dairying among farmers, called Prof. T. L. Haecker 
from the University of Wisconsin. He made a prelimin- 
ary survey of the state in 1891 and found the industry 
in a poor state of development. The Babcock test and 
centrifugal separator were 
only just coming into use, 
one of the first separators 
being on J. J. Hill's farm. 
The slow gravity method was 
then used generally. 

"In Freeborn County, how- 
ever, were successful fac- 
tories on a co-operative bas- 
is. This plan appealed to 
Prof. Haecker and for years 
he was active in promoting 
dairying and establishing 
these co-operative butter fac- 
tories. 

"The Clark's Grove Cream- 
ery, started in 1890 by some 
Danish farmers, was the first 
successful one on a non- 
stock basis. It became a 



model for the co-operative factories of the Northwest. 

Prof. Haecker Honored. 

"In 1893, Prof. Haecker was made full professor in 
charge of the Dairy School, his work consisting of active 
promotion of creameries and dairying, instruction, and 
valuable research work. In 1907 he was made Professor 
of Animal Nutrition. 

"He conducted a long series of feeding experiments, cov- 
ering several generations of cattle, which have over- 
thrown all previous standards and established the 'Haeck- 
er' standards, recognized universally as authority on dairy- 
cow feeding." 

These were first published in FARM, STOCK & HOME 
as part of its service to dairymen, have been given wide 
distribution and commended by dairy experts everywhere. 
Farm, Stock and Home's Share. 

While the industry was young, much of this work was 
unappreciated. A political battle to keep him on the job 
had to be fought by FARM, STOCK & HOME. As edi- 
tor, and as Regent, Mr. Owen kept alive the public inter- 
est necessary to support this great work until its value 
was apparent. 

Another fight was against unscrupulous promoters, or- 
ganizing creameries in communities not yet able to sup- 
port them and unloading them at high prices. This left 
behind discouraged farmers and discredited the co-oper- 
ative system. Prof. Haecker and Mr. Owen often called 
meetings to advise farmers not to start creameries until 
they had cows enough. This valuable service prevented 
many failures. 

Still another battle was against the sale of condimental 
stock foods, for, which extravagant claims were made by 
advertisers, whereas thev had no real feeding value. The 
advertising columns of FARM, STOCK & HOME were 
not only denied them, but the whole fraudulent system of 
their manufacture and sale was exposed at a time when the 
manufacturers were spendin.g hundreds of thousands of 
dollars annually for farm paper advertising 

Good Work Brings Good Results. 

Further the history states: 

"Farm journals in general and those devoted to dairy- 
ing have been an important educational factor in produc- 



better dairy farming 
Dairy Cows,' says: 
'A representative of 




OWEN HALL 
ig at Agricultural -Schoul. t'rookston, 
n honor of Sidney M. Owen. 
♦Minnesota Dairy and Food Department Bulletin No. 52, "Development of the Dairy Products Industr 
copy sent free on application to FARM. STOCK & HOME. 



Prof. Haecker's book , 'Feed- 
well-known dairy joiu'nal went 
to western Minnesota to take 
a cow census and determine 
whether the reading of agri- 
cultural literature benefited 
the industry. He found that 
amon.g- those that read farm 
papers, the average yearly 
production was 4,442 pounds, 
while among those who did 
not, it was only 2.668 
pounds.' 

Influence of Scandinavian 
Population. 

"A relation exists bet w en 
immigration and the localiza- 
tion of the two industries 
(butter and cheese). Wher- 
ever the Danes settled, we 
find the largest production of 



in Minnesota." 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Page Thirty 



Th 



Double-Profit S y s t 



e m 



of D 



a i V y i n ^ 



butter. Wherever the Swiss settled, we find cheese. All 
the leading butter-producing counties have received more 
of the Danish immigrants — Denmark being one of the 
greatest butter-producing countries." 

Census tables are shown, proving that the great Scandi- 
navian immigration into the Northwest is a large factor 



in building up dairying. Besides the cream of northern 
Europe's best immigration, bringing over the best dairy- 
ing ideas and methods, a constant stream of young new 
blood has come from Iowa, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. It 
has made the FARM, STOCK & HOME group the most 
progressive farming region, leading the entire United 
States in the co-operative movement. 




Win luiitprBttif nf ^uwt^Bitta 



N jSienuirg of tltp emttmit stritiri's af 



in thr ftinipla}jmput nf agrinilture mt in rmmtry 
lifp atfairfi 

eltis {rrslittuntial 

ta }irrsrntr& xv^axi Xht rpcoininfiiliatuni nf llif Jantltirs nf llir 

i3rtjartmi'ut nf Aijnntlturp nf % Ituiufraity nf 

ifliuurfinta. mXth thr ati;»rnnal nf thr Hoar}) nf Sfiifnts. 

3u WittlPSS liJhprpnf, tt \a aUwril ntiii Bralrft bj! thr 
^rfsitirnt nf thr Snarfi nf Srgruts.thr ^rrBtiirut uf tltr lluinrrsitji. 
auii thr Orait aiiii Dirrtlur uf tbr Srpartmritt nf Anvitulturr. 





6c^M/vv^^. 



Minnesota Honors Founder of Farm, Stock and Home for His 
Part in Founding tKe Farmers' Creameries 

Every year the University honors a few men, whose work in developing agriculture has been conspicuous. 
The late James J. Hill and Sidney M. Owen were among those chosen in 1917. Mr. Owen is the only farm paper 
editor to receive this honor. The state also named the dairy buiJding at the Agricultural School at Crookston 
"Owen Hall" in his honor, as shown on the opposite page. 



FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 



T h 



Double-Profit System of D a i r y i n 



Present Day Service to Farmers 

The present day editorial service of FARM, STOCK & HOME fulfills the original purpose and 
idea of the founder, Sidney M. Owen, adapted to modern conditions by his son, Harry N. Owen, editor 
and publisher. He has just completed thirty years' continuous service on the staff. 

This purpose is to give the farmer a broader and more valuable service than merely telling him how 
to farm. 

Its farm-advice departments are complete, and their service is given to the readers freely and ef- 
fectively- The editorial personnel, shown on the opposite page, forms an exceptionally able group of 
farm experts. 

In addition to all this, however, a definite program of public service is carried forward by Mr. 
Owen. 

It is this service that gives the paper its unique, definite personality — its own loyal, exclusive fol- 
lowing, particularly among dairymen. 



The Farmers' Champion 

Mr. Owen chooses deliberately the difficult task of 
fi.?hting the farmer's battles whenever he needs a cham- 
pion, — instead of the easier one of merely giving him 
technical farm advice. 

He seeks opportunity to initiate public movements, 
foster good legislation, correct marketing abuses, organize 
co-operative enterprises, expose frauds and protect farm- 
ers from political and promotion schemes. 

This policy has been successful for more than thirty- 
five years. It was particularly useful during the war, 
making FARM, STOCK & HOME more popular than 
ever. Thousands of voluntary subscriptions and letters 
are being received commending its stand on war-time 
production questions. 

Protecting Milk Producers 

For example, his editorials convinced the Minnesota 
Public Safety Commission that their price fixed for milk- 
was below cost and forced the fixing of a higher price. 
fTe was the onl}'" publisher to come to the milk producers' 
aid. 

When the producers were indicted, for alleged price 
fixing, he fostered a bill to permit co-operative associa- 
tions to fix prices in the same way that incorporated com- 
panies maj^ do. This passed the legislature by a large 
majority after a bitter contest soon after Mr .Owen advo- 
cated it in January, 1919. 

Increasing Wheat Production 

He protested to Washington that the ?2.00 price fixed 
for wheat was too low. in an "Open Letter to Congress," 
February 1, 1918. Within 23 davs the President raised it 
to $2.20. then to $2.26, and in July removed the restric- 
tions that had prevented millers from competing with 
the Grain Corporation in wheat buying. The market 
price went up the first day to lSi@162 cents over the 
fixed price — proviner Mr. Owen's stand to be correct. 
Wheat has been selling ever since for more than the gov- 
ernment price. 

The increase of 26 cents alone, added $977,000,000 to the 
farmers' buying power, $72,000,000 of which came into 
the Northwestern wheat states. Naturally it stimulated 
production, helped farmers to help win the war and 
popularized FARM, STOCK & HOME. 

Mr. Owen fought, too, for revisions of the Federal 
Grain Grades, which were working a great injustice to 
farmers and hampering wheat growin.g. His efforts se- 
cured two important changes that added several cents 
more to everv bushel marketed. 



Increase In 


Acres 


Percentage 


852,000 
770,000 
565,000 
335,000 


28.9% 
11.0% 
17.6% 
19.3% 



Helping the Dairymen Grow Wheat 

Table No. IS shows how it helped Minnesota dairy 
farmers to increase wheat acrea.ge. 

TABLE NO. 15 
Wheat Acreage 
1918 1917 

MINN. ... 3,799,000 2,947,000 
N. DAK.. 7,770,000 7,000,000 
S. DAK... 3,765,000 3,200,000 
MONT. . . 2,062,000 1,727,000 

From, estimates furnished by the U. S. Department of 
Agriculture. 

Preventing Food Losses 

When Minnesota potato growers could not find a 
market for an unsually large crop, Mr. Owen advertised 
potatoes in city papers, brought buyers and growers to- 
aether. secured shipping concessions and .got the Food 
-\dministration to start its potato publicity campaign. 
All of which saved the growers thousands of dollars and 
the potatoes from decay. 

The paper worked in harmony with the Minnesota 
Public Safety Commission by organizing a Marketing 
Committee throughout the state, with sub-committees in 
every county, an organization of about 600 members, 
which established a central marketin.g bureau for perish- 
able products in St. Paul. This was a practical conserva- 
tion service that saved money for the farmers and food 
for the consumer. 

Solving Reconstruction Problems 

Mr. Owen's purpose for the future is perhaps best out- 
lined in a recent editorial as follows: 

"My idea is to find what the farmers want and then 
help them get it. I regard F., S. & H. as being in the 
position of an attorney for the farmers and that all public 
questions should be considered from the standpoint of 
the farmers, and every effort mad", to have them answered, 
so that the best interests, both economic and social, of 
the farmers shall be served. 

This is not the easiest way to run a farm paper, nor 
apparently the most profitable, from a dollars and cents 
standpoint, but from my training and long association 
with my father. Sidnev M. Owen, it is the onlv way that 
I can conduct F.. S. & H. A paper steered along these 
lines cannot in the nature of things be neutral. It lays 
itself open to criticism, opposition, misunderstanding, 
abuse and a certain amount of financial loss from adver- 
tisers who may not like some things that may be said in 
the editorial columns. But if I can serve the farmers of 
the Northwest and help them to greater profits and 
better homes. I will take all these things with a smile as 
part of the day's work." 



F ARM , STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 

Fage Thirty-two 



THE PEOPLE WHO 

MAKE FARM, STOCK and HOME THE FOREMOST 

FARM PAPER OF THE NORTHWEST 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



3 002 859 IKW 3 



A Word To 

Every Man Who Has Anything 

To Sell To Farmers 

To profit by the facts shown herein, you need 
not he a manufacturer of dairy supplies only. 

A complete survey of the farm m.arket 
and present demand for ^ood merchandise 
in the Northwest has been made by the 
Service Department of FARM, STOCK 
and HOME. 

It reveals some wonderful opportuni- 
ties for manufacturers of all kinds. 

Our readers have told what equip- 
ment they have, what they are buying, 
what their plans are for the future. 

They buy everything from shoes and 
overalls, to homes and automobiles. 

The Double-Profit System ^ives them 
the money to pay the price that Quality 
Goods are w^orth. 



The Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries 



J, C. BILLINGSLEA 

1119 AdvertisinI BuildinJ 

Chicago, 111. 



ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES: 

A. H. BILLINGSLEA 

No. 1 Madison Avenu 

New York, N. Y. 




A. D. McKINNEY 
Post-Dispatch Buildi 
St. Louis, Mo. 



